ABSTRACT
We report on the findings of the first antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance study in Japan of isolates recovered from odontogenic infections. Of the 38 facilities where patients representing the 4 groups of odontogenic infections were seen, 102 samples were collected from cases of periodontitis (group 1), 6 samples from pericoronitis (group 2), 84 samples from jaw inflammation (group 3) and 54 samples from phlegmon of the jaw bone area (group 4) for a total of 246 samples. The positivity rates of bacterial growth on culture were 85.3%, 100%, 84% and 88.9%, respectively, for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Streptococcus spp. isolation rates according to odontogenic infection group were 22% (group 1), 17.7% (group 3) and 20.7% (group 4). Anaerobic isolation rates were 66.9% (group 1), 71.8% (group 3) and 68.2% (group 4). Drug susceptibility tests were performed on 726 strains excluding 121 strains that were undergrown. The breakdown of the strains subjected to testing was 186 Streptococcus spp., 179 anaerobic gram-positive cocci, 246 Prevotella spp., 27 Porphyromonas spp., and 88 Fusobacterium spp. The isolates were tested against 30 antimicrobial agents. Sensitivities to penicillins and cephems were good except for Prevotella spp. The low sensitivities of Prevotella spp is due to ß-lactamase production. Prevotella strains resistant to macrolides, quinolones, and clindamycin were found. No strains resistant to carbapenems or penems were found among all strains tested. No anaerobic bacterial strain was resistant to metronidazole. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed on the S. anginosus group and anaerobic bacteria, which are the major pathogens associated with odontogenic infections, showed low MIC90 values to the penicillins which are the first-line antimicrobial agents for odontogenic infections; however, for Prevotella spp., penicillins combined with ß-lactamase inhibitor showed low MIC90 values.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacterial Infections , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteria, Anaerobic , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Clindamycin/pharmacology , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , PenicillinsABSTRACT
A 75-year-old man, who had a history of coronary dissection after percutaneous coronary intervention in left anterior descending coronary artery, underwent coronary magnetic resonance. Magnetic resonance demonstrated coronary dissection in the distal portion of the left anterior descending artery. Both the true lumen with thick vessel wall and the false lumen with thin vessel wall were demonstrated in the cross-sectional images using T1-weighed black blood technique and T2-weighed black blood technique. Soft plaque was located at the twelve o'clock in the true lumen. Invasive coronary angiogram showed long coronary dissection from middle to distal portion of left anterior descending coronary artery. Magnetic resonance was thought to be useful to detect and follow up the coronary dissection noninvasively.
Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/adverse effects , Aortic Dissection/diagnosis , Coronary Aneurysm/diagnosis , Coronary Stenosis/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Aged , Aortic Dissection/etiology , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Coronary Aneurysm/etiology , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Stenosis/diagnostic imaging , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Risk Assessment , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Conductance was measured for the single molecules with S/Se anchoring on a Au surface using the point contact method with scanning tunneling microscopy that enables us to selectively perform a repeated analysis of a chosen target molecule. Apparent conductance changes observed in sequential measurements suggest the existence of bond fluctuation among the adsorption sites.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis for osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee requires external fixation for a long time, until callus maturation is complete. The aim of this study was to determine if low-intensity pulsed ultrasound would accelerate callus maturation when applied after distraction to limbs treated with opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with symmetric grades of osteoarthritis and similar degrees of varus deformity in the two knees underwent bilateral one-stage opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis. After completion of distraction, the bone mineral density of the distraction callus was measured. Then, one randomly selected limb was subjected to ultrasound treatment for twenty minutes daily until removal of the external fixator. The contralateral limb was left untreated to serve as the control. After four weeks of treatment, bone mineral density was measured again. RESULTS: During the four-week treatment period, the mean increase in callus bone mineral density was significantly greater in the ultrasound-treated tibiae (0.20 +/- 0.12 g/cm(2)) than in the control tibiae (0.13 +/- 0.10 g/cm(2)) (p = 0.02, unpaired t test). In eighteen patients the increase in the bone mineral density was greater in the ultrasound-treated limb than in the control limb, whereas in three patients the increase was greater in the control limb. CONCLUSIONS: We found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound applied during the consolidation phase of distraction osteogenesis accelerates callus maturation after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis in elderly patients.
