ABSTRACT
Clinics today specialize in health repair services similar to car repair shops; procedures and prices are standardized, regulated, and inflexibly uniform. Clinics of the future have to become Health Care Centers in order to be more respected and more effective corporate neighbors in offering outreach services in health education and preventive health care. The traditional concept of care for health is much broader than repair management and includes the promotion of lay health competence and responsibility in healthy social and natural environments. The corporate profile and ethics of the clinic as a good and competitive local neighbor will have to focus on [a] better personalized care, [b] education and services in preventive care, [c] direct or web-based information and advice for general, seasonal, or age related health risks, and on developing and improving trustworthy character traits of the clinic as a corporate person and a good neighbor.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Health Promotion , Health Services , Professional Corporations , Health Education , HumansABSTRACT
The integration of medical humanities into future patient care and medical research will become as importance for trust, care and health as the natural sciences were during the last 100 years. In particular, improvements of lay health literacy and responsibility, new forms of physician-nurse partnership and expert-lay interaction, also revisions of clinical research towards models of informed contract will improve trust and health on a global scale, allow for healthier and happier citizens and populations and eventually might reduce health care costs.
Subject(s)
Ethics, Medical , Ethics, Research , Cooperative Behavior , Cost Control/ethics , Cost Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethics Consultation/ethics , Ethics Consultation/legislation & jurisprudence , Germany , Health Care Rationing/ethics , Health Care Rationing/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Interdisciplinary Communication , Life Support Care/ethics , Life Support Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Medical Futility/ethics , Medical Futility/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/ethics , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Advocacy/ethics , Patient Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Physician-Patient Relations/ethicsABSTRACT
In 1927, Fritz Jahr, a Protestant pastor, philosopher, and educator in Halle an der Saale, published an article entitled "Bio-Ethics: A Review of the Ethical Relationships of Humans to Animals and Plants" and proposed a "Bioethical Imperative," extending Kant's moral imperative to all forms of life. Reviewing new physiological knowledge of his times and moral challenges associated with the development of secular and pluralistic societies, Jahr redefines moral obligations towards human and nonhuman forms of life, outlining the concept of bioethics as an academic discipline, principle, and virtue. Although he had no immediate long-lasting influence during politically and morally turbulent times, his argument that new science and technology requires new ethical and philosophical reflection and resolve may contribute toward clarification of terminology and of normative and practical visions of bioethics, including understanding of the geoethical dimensions of bioethics.
Subject(s)
Bioethical Issues/history , Bioethics/history , Empathy , Ethical Theory , Moral Obligations , Value of Life , Academies and Institutes/history , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Animals , Bioethics/education , Bioethics/trends , Christianity , Clergy , Culture , Europe , Germany , History, 18th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Principle-Based Ethics , Public Health , Referral and Consultation , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , United StatesSubject(s)
Advance Directives , Genetic Counseling , Narration , Truth Disclosure , Advance Directives/psychology , Decision Making/ethics , Genetic Counseling/psychology , Humans , Personal Autonomy , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/genetics , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/psychology , Professional-Patient Relations , PrognosisABSTRACT
Advance directives contain wishes and values, fears and refusals of competent lay people regarding medical interventions in future situations when they might lack communicative and decision-making capacities. However, these advance directives for medical, psychiatric and care interventions can very well be used to improve the care for patients in psychiatry and gerontopsychiatry and to provide individualized care and treatment. The development and use of advance-care documents in psychiatry, and the clinical and ethical appreciation and recognition of the wishes and values of those patients, represent a particularly difficult challenge to medical paternalism.
Subject(s)
Advance Directives/legislation & jurisprudence , Dementia , Ethics, Medical , Mental Competency/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Disorders , Paternalism , Caregivers/legislation & jurisprudence , Dementia/diagnosis , Dementia/psychology , Dementia/therapy , Germany , Humans , Legal Guardians , Life Support Care , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Patient Participation/legislation & jurisprudence , Physician-Patient Relations , Treatment Refusal/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Health education and health literacy programs have implications on health care policy and health care status insurance. There are many benefits of a transition from disease management to a health care system, which includes priorities in prediction, prevention, and health education. Health care and disease management could best be implemented by multiple-tier, market-oriented models of universal coverage allowing for competition among health status insurers and educational, pharmaceutical, nursing, and other health service providers. Promotion of health literacy will allow citizens to become educated customers and consumers of health care services. Internationally, health literacy might narrow the gap between economically richer and poorer countries.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Education , Insurance, Health , Patient Participation , Power, Psychological , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/ethics , Germany , Health Behavior , Health Policy , Humans , Policy Making , Public Health , Risk Factors , Risk Management , Universal Health InsuranceSubject(s)
Cultural Diversity , Ethical Analysis , Ethics , Internationality , Morals , Social Values , Asia , Bioethics , Conscience , Consensus , Cooperative Behavior , Empathy , Ethics, Medical , Humans , Principle-Based Ethics , Professional-Patient Relations , Religious Philosophies , Virtues , Western WorldSubject(s)
Ethics, Medical , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/genetics , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Female , Genetic Carrier Screening , Genetic Counseling , Genetic Privacy , Humans , Middle Aged , Nuclear Family/psychology , Parents/psychology , Physician-Patient Relations , Truth DisclosureSubject(s)
Advisory Committees/organization & administration , Ethics Committees, Clinical/organization & administration , Ethics Committees, Research/organization & administration , Bioethical Issues , Bioethics/education , Committee Membership , Consensus , Decision Making , Ethics Consultation , Germany , Government Regulation , Humans , Informed Consent , Lobbying , Models, Organizational , Multicenter Studies as Topic/ethics , Professional Competence , Public PolicyABSTRACT
As a new-coming concept of internet,healthcare websites have tremendous advantages and disadvantages as well.On the one hand,they provide netizens with advice and support of keeping fit and reducing health-jeopardizing factors.However,on the other hand,there are also some controversies in the conduction of healthcare websites.For instance,how to protect general public from being cheated and induced by harmful and even fatal advices on internet? This paper discusses related risks of healthcare information on the net,and points out that the net performers should give behavioral supports oriented from both the information providers and users in order to build a decent healthcare culture in the digital world.
ABSTRACT
Tradicionalmente, la ética de la medicina se ha orientado por principios arraigados en conceptos filosóficos clásicos que contemplaban el lugar del hombre en la naturaleza, su relación con la Divinidad, la salud y la enfermedad, y los conceptos epistemológicos y metodológicos de diagnóstico, evaluación de riesgos y tratamiento. Del médico se esperaban virtudes tales como no causar daño, hacer el bien y abstenerse de emplear su pericia en actos manipulativos o coercitivos. El paciente virtuoso debía tener confianza en el médico y acatar el tratamiento. Hoy día, los adelantos tecnológicos y el advenimiento de una sociedad pluralista que hace hincapié en la autonomía del paciente instruido, conforman una situación mucho más compleja y cambiante. Sin embargo, en los argumentos bioéticos se encuentran algunos principios pragmáticos que pueden aljudar a resolverlos dilemas morales. Sass propone basarse en "principios morales intermedios" que han hallado respaldo en distintas ideologías y en la aplicación complementaria de varios modelos de hermenéutica y comunicación médico y paciente. La responsabilidad de la salud debe ser compartida por médico y paciente y fundamentada en el conocimiento, el respeto mutuo, y en la combinación de la pericia y la ética.
Medical ethics have traditionally been guided by principles based on classical philosophical ideas about the place of man in nature, his relation to God, health, and disease, and on the epistemological and methodological concepts of diagnosis, risk evaluation, and treatment. The virtues expected of a physician were to cause no harm, tomake patients better, and torefrain from using his skills for manipulation or coercion. The good patient was supposed to trust the physician and follow the treatment. Today, technological progress and the advent of a pluralistic society that emphasizes the autonomy of informed patients make forr a much more complex and changing situation. However, some pragmatic principies found in bioethical arguments may assist in resolving moral dilemmas. Sass proposes that a basis be sought in "intermediate moral principIes" that have found support in various ideologies and in complementary application of several models of doctor patient hermeneutics and communication. Responsibility for health should be shared by physician and patient and founded on knowledge, mutual respect, and a combination of skill and ethics.
Subject(s)
Bioethical Issues , BioethicsABSTRACT
UNESCO's Division of Human Rights and Peace, together with the USSR Academy of Science and the USSR Academy of Medicine, held an international bioethics conference in Moscow May 13-15, 1991. Twenty participants from the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America participated....The Moscow conference, which took place on the new campus of the USSR Academy of Social Sciences, addressed four topics: (1) organ transplantation; (2) informed consent; (3) bioethics and the law; and (4) institutionalization of bioethics....
Subject(s)
Bioethical Issues , Bioethics , International Cooperation , Internationality , Codes of Ethics , Delivery of Health Care , Developing Countries , Education , Ethics, Professional , Health Personnel , Human Rights , Humans , Informed Consent , Jurisprudence , Organ Transplantation , Social Justice , United NationsSubject(s)
Bioethics , Ethics, Medical , Patient Advocacy , Philosophy, Medical , Physician-Patient Relations , Right to HealthSubject(s)
Bioethics , Ethics, Medical , Philosophy, Medical , Physician-Patient Relations , Patient Advocacy , Right to HealthSubject(s)
Bioethics , Ethics, Medical , Philosophy, Medical , Physician-Patient Relations , Patient Advocacy , Right to HealthABSTRACT
Contemporary medicine involves a lot more than technologies that now permit effective medical intervention where none was possible before. Among other things changes in technology have been accompanied by changes in social and cultural attitudes that are having major effects on health care and medical practice. This article provides a brief overview of many of the more important changes and their relationship to developments in the field of medical bioethics
Available in Spanish in Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam 108(5/6):391-8, 1990
