Cholesterol dysregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Alzheimer's disease.

Cholesterol and the immune system are involved in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To investigate the relations among them, we compared the cholesterol content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of cognitively healthy controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in two independent samples. Free cholesterol content of PBMC was lower in MCI and AD patients, and was modulated by APOE genotype. A decrease of CD8+ and an increase of CD16+ was also found in AD patients. These results suggest that cholesterol levels in PBMCs may represent an early signature of the disease and support the involvement of immune system in AD.

Differential risk for COVID-19 in the first wave of the disease among Spaniards and migrants from different areas of the world living in Spain.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known regarding the relevance of racial/ethnic background to the risk for COVID-19 infection, particularly in Europe. We evaluated the risk of COVID-19 among migrants from different areas of the world within the context of universal free access to medical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 among adult residents of Alcorcon (Spain) in the first wave of the disease up to April 25, 2020. RESULTS: The crude cumulative incidence among migrants (n = 20419) was higher than among Spaniards (n = 131599): 8.81 and 6.51 and per 1000 inhabitants, respectively (p <  .001), but differed by region of origin. As per a negative binomial regression adjusted for age and sex, relative risk (RR) for COVID-19 for individuals from Europe, Asia, or North Africa was not significantly different from Spaniards. In contrast, a markedly increased risk was found in people from Sub-Saharan Africa (RR 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-9.41, p =  .007), the Caribbean (RR 6.35, 95% CI 3.83-10.55, p <  .001), and Latin America (RR 6.92, 95% CI 4.49-10.67, p <  .001). CONCLUSIONS: Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America exhibited increased risk for COVID-19 as compared to Spaniards or migrants from Europe, North Africa, or Asia. Our data suggest ethnic background may play a role in risk for COVID-19. Migrants from some areas of the world may merit closer attention for both clinical and epidemiological reasons.

Riesgo de COVID-19 en españoles y migrantes de distintas zonas del mundo residentes en España en la primera oleada de la enfermedad / Differential risk for COVID-19 in the first wave of the disease among Spaniards and migrants from different areas of the world living in Spain

Introducción y objetivo Existen pocos estudios sobre el potencial papel de los orígenes raciales/étnicos en el riesgo de infección de COVID-19, particularmente en Europa. Evaluamos el riesgo de COVID-19 entre los migrantes de diferentes zonas del mundo en un contexto de acceso universal gratuito a la atención médica. Material y métodos Realizamos un análisis de cohortes poblacional de la incidencia acumulada de COVID-19 confirmada mediante PCR entre los residentes adultos en Alcorcón (España) en la primera oleada de la enfermedad hasta el 25 de abril de 2020. Resultados La incidencia acumulada bruta entre los migrantes (n=20.419) fue mayor que entre los españoles (n=131.599): 8,81 y 6,51 por cada 1.000 habitantes, respectivamente (p<0,001), pero difería según la región de origen mundial. Mediante regresión binomial negativa, ajustada por edad y sexo, los riesgos relativos (RR) para COVID-19 no fueron significativamente diferentes de los españoles para los individuos provenientes de Europa, Asia o el norte de África. Por el contrario, hubo un marcado aumento del riesgo para los del África subsahariana (RR 3,66, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC] 1,42-9,41, p=0,007), el Caribe (RR 6,35, IC 95% 3,83-10,55, p<0,001) y América Latina (RR 6,92, IC 95% 4,49-10,67, p<0,001). Conclusiones Los migrantes procedentes del África subsahariana, el Caribe y América Latina, a diferencia de los españoles o migrantes procedentes de Europa, el norte de África o Asia, presentaron un mayor riesgo de COVID-19. Nuestros datos sugieren un papel para el origen étnico en el riesgo de COVID-19. Los migrantes de algunas zonas del mundo pueden merecer una atención más cercana tanto por razones clínicas como epidemiológicas (AU)

Introduction and objectives Little is known regarding the relevance of racial/ethnic background to the risk for COVID-19 infection, particularly in Europe. We evaluated the risk of COVID-19 among migrants from different areas of the world within the context of universal free access to medical care. Material and methods We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 among adult residents of Alcorcon (Spain) in the first wave of the disease up to April 25, 2020. Results The crude cumulative incidence among migrants (n=20,419) was higher than among Spaniards (n=131,599): 8.81 and 6.51 and per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively (p<.001), but differed by region of origin. As per a negative binomial regression adjusted for age and sex, relative risk (RR) for COVID-19 for individuals from Europe, Asia, or North Africa was not significantly different from Spaniards. In contrast, a markedly increased risk was found for people from Sub-Saharan Africa (RR 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-9.41, p=.007), the Caribbean (RR 6.35, 95% CI 3.83-10.55, p<.001), and Latin America (RR 6.92, 95% CI 4.49-10.67, p<.001). Conclusions Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America exhibited increased risk for COVID-19 as compared to Spaniards or migrants from Europe, North Africa, or Asia. Our data suggest that the ethnic background may play a role in risk for COVID-19. Migrants from some areas of the world may merit closer attention for both clinical and epidemiological reasons (AU)

[Differential risk for COVID-19 in the first wave of the disease among Spaniards and migrants from different areas of the world living in Spain]. / Riesgo de COVID-19 en españoles y migrantes de distintas zonas del mundo residentes en España en la primera oleada de la enfermedad.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known regarding the relevance of racial/ethnic background to the risk for COVID-19 infection, particularly in Europe. We evaluated the risk of COVID-19 among migrants from different areas of the world within the context of universal free access to medical care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 among adult residents of Alcorcon (Spain) in the first wave of the disease up to April 25, 2020. RESULTS: The crude cumulative incidence among migrants (n = 20,419) was higher than among Spaniards (n = 131,599): 8.81 and 6.51 and per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively (p < .001), but differed by region of origin. As per a negative binomial regression adjusted for age and sex, relative risk (RR) for COVID-19 for individuals from Europe, Asia, or North Africa was not significantly different from Spaniards. In contrast, a markedly increased risk was found for people from Sub-Saharan Africa (RR 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-9.41, p = .007), the Caribbean (RR 6.35, 95% CI 3.83-10.55, p < .001), and Latin America (RR 6.92, 95% CI 4.49-10.67, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America exhibited increased risk for COVID-19 as compared to Spaniards or migrants from Europe, North Africa, or Asia. Our data suggest that the ethnic background may play a role in risk for COVID-19. Migrants from some areas of the world may merit closer attention for both clinical and epidemiological reasons.

Differential risk for COVID-19 in the first wave of the disease among Spaniards and migrants from different areas of the world living in Spain. / Riesgo de COVID-19 en españoles y migrantes de distintas zonas del mundo residentes en España en la primera oleada de la enfermedad.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known regarding the relevance of racial/ethnic background to the risk for COVID-19 infection, particularly in Europe. We evaluated the risk of COVID-19 among migrants from different areas of the world within the context of universal free access to medical care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 among adult residents of Alcorcon (Spain) in the first wave of the disease up to April 25, 2020. RESULTS: The crude cumulative incidence among migrants (n=20,419) was higher than among Spaniards (n=131,599): 8.81 and 6.51 and per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively (p<.001), but differed by region of origin. As per a negative binomial regression adjusted for age and sex, relative risk (RR) for COVID-19 for individuals from Europe, Asia, or North Africa was not significantly different from Spaniards. In contrast, a markedly increased risk was found for people from Sub-Saharan Africa (RR 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-9.41, p=.007), the Caribbean (RR 6.35, 95% CI 3.83-10.55, p<.001), and Latin America (RR 6.92, 95% CI 4.49-10.67, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America exhibited increased risk for COVID-19 as compared to Spaniards or migrants from Europe, North Africa, or Asia. Our data suggest that the ethnic background may play a role in risk for COVID-19. Migrants from some areas of the world may merit closer attention for both clinical and epidemiological reasons.

Angio-OCT en macroaneurisma arterial retiniano / OCT angiography in retinal arterial macroaneurysm

No disponible

Patterns of Behavioural and Emotional Difficulties through Adolescence: The Influence of Prosocial Skills / Patrones de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales durante la adolescencia: la influencia de las habilidades prosociales

The main purpose of the study was to examine the cluster composition of the analysis on the effect of gender and age of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a large school-based sample of high school adolescents ranging from 14 to 18 years old (N = 1474). In order to do this, a K-means iterative cluster analysis was performed. A five-cluster solution turned out to be the most parsimonious in the differentiation of emotional and behavioural patterns. A five-cluster solution yielded the following patterns: ‘No difficulties and high prosocial scores’ (n = 418; 28.36%), ‘high difficulties and low prosocial scores’ (n = 239; 16.21%), ‘high on hyperactivity, low on the rest of the difficulties subscales, and high in prosocial capabilities' (n = 302; 20.49%), ‘high on emotional and peer problems, relatively low on conduct and hyperactivity, and high in prosocial capabilities’ (n = 275; 18.66%), and finally ‘hyperactivity problems and average in the others difficulties subscales, and in prosocial capabilities’ (n = 239; 16.21%). This cluster solution was replicated attending to the same gender and age groups. Nevertheless, differences in the distribution of the cluster composition suggest that difficulties differ by gender and age. The results allow for the conclusion that men reveal a greater number of problems of an externalizing nature whereas women indicate a greater degree of internalizing difficulties and prosocial skills

El objetivo principal del estudio fue examinar la distribución por clusters del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) y analizar el efecto del sexo y la edad, en una muestra de estudiantes pertenecientes a institutos, con edades entre 14 y 18 años (N = 1474). Para el análisis de los datos se realizó un análisis iterativo basado en el procedimiento de K-medias. Una solución de cinco clusters destacó como la más parsimoniosa para diferenciar patrones de síntomas emocionales y comportamentales. El modelo de cinco clusters reveló las siguientes agrupaciones: ‘ausencia de dificultades y altas puntuaciones prosociales’ (n = 418; 28,36%), ‘altas puntuaciones en dificultades y bajas en comportamiento prosocial’ (n = 239; 16,21%) , ‘altas puntuaciones en hiperactividad, bajo en el resto de las subescalas de dificultades y alto en capacidades prosociales’ (n = 302; 20.49%), ‘alto en dificultades emocionales y de relación, bajo en dificultades conductuales y de hiperactividad y alto en capacidades prosociales’ (n = 275; 18,66%), y finalmente ‘dificultades de hiperactividad y niveles medios en el resto de subescalas de dificultades y en las capacidades prosociales’ (n= 239; 16,21%). Este modelo de cinco clusters fue replicado atendiendo al género y la edad. Sin embargo, las diferencias encontradas en la distribución de cada cluster sugieren que las dificultades difieren en función del género y de la edad. Los resultados permiten concluir la mayor presencia de dificultades de tipo externalizante en el caso de los hombres y mayores niveles de dificultades emocionales y capacidades prosociales en el caso de las mujeres

Evaluación de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales en población infanto-juvenil: El Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) / Assessing behavioural and emotional difficulties in the child-adolescent population: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)

El Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es una herramienta de screening que permite la evaluación de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales así como del comportamiento prosocial en la infancia y adolescencia, desde una perspectiva multi-informante. El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una revisión selectiva de las características epidemiológicas así como de las principales evidencias a nivel psicométrico del SDQ. Las propiedades psicométricas referidas a la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones son adecuadas y el modelo dimensional de cinco factores (Problemas Emocionales, Problemas Conductuales, Problemas con los Compañeros, Hiperactividad y Prosocial) es el más ampliamente replicado. Asimismo, se han obtenido evidencias de validez que apoyan la utilidad de este instrumento de medida para su uso en el contexto escolar y clínico. Los resultados también indican que el género y la edad influyen en la expresión fenotípica de las dificultades emocionales y comportamentales. En conclusión, el SDQ es un instrumento de medida breve, sencillo de administrar y útil para la valoración de este tipo de problemática en la infancia y adolescencia y puede ser de sumo interés para su uso en población infanto-juvenil española

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a screening tool that enables the evaluation of emotional and behavioural difficulties, and prosocial behaviour in children and adolescents from a multi-informant perspective. The main goal of this article is to carry out a selective review on the main evidence concerning the psychometric and epidemiologic characteristics of the SDQ. The psychometric properties are adequate with regard to the reliability of the scores and the five-factor structure is the most accepted (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behaviour). In addition, different studies support the appropriateness of the SDQ for use as an evaluation tool in clinical and school contexts. The results show that gender and age have an influence on the phenotypic expression of emotional and behavioural difficulties. In conclusion, the SDQ is a short, easy to use, and useful measurement tool for evaluating problems, difficulties, and capacities related to childhood and adolescence and it may be used with Spanish children and adolescents

The assessment of emotional and Behavioural problems: Internal structure of The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire / Evaluación de problemas emocionales y comportamentales: estructura interna del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the internal structure and measurement invariance across gender and age of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self-reported version, in Spanish adolescents. The sample consisted of 1,547 participants, 606 were male (39.1%), with a mean age of 15.15 years (SD = 1.99). Results from the confirmatory factor analysis showed a five-factor model and a bifactor model with correlated errors added as the most appropriate. Nevertheless, the bifactor model displayed lower and non-significant factor loadings. The hypothesis of measurement invariance of the SDQ scores across gender and age was supported. The level of internal consistency of the Total difficulties score was .84, ranging between .71 and .75 for the SDQ subscales. The study of the psychometric properties showed that the Spanish version of the SDQ, self-reported form, seems to be an adequate tool for the screening of emotional and behavioural problems during adolescence. Future research should analyze the internal structure of the SDQ in other regions and testing the measurement invariance across cultures (AU)

El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la estructura interna y la invarianza de medición en función del género y la edad del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), versión autoinforme, en adolescentes españoles. La muestra está formada por 1.547 participantes, 606 varones (39,1%), con una media de edad de 15,15 años (DT = 1,99). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron que el modelo de cinco factores y el modelo bifactor con modificaciones presentaron los mejores índices de bondad de ajuste. Sin embargo, en el modelo bifactor algunas cargas factoriales no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La hipótesis de invarianza de medición de las puntuaciones del SDQ en función del género y la edad fue confirmada. El nivel de consistencia interna de la puntuación Total de dificultades fue 0,84, mientras que para las subescalas osciló entre 0,71 y 0,75. El estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del SDQ autoinforme parece indicar que se trata de una herramienta adecuada y útil para el cribado de problemas emocionales y comportamentales en la adolescencia. En investigaciones futuras se debería analizar la estructura interna del SDQ en otras regiones y someter a prueba la invariancia de medición en función de las culturas (AU)

Evaluation of satisfaction in an extracurricular enrichment program for high-intellectual ability participants.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of an extracurricular enrichment program of the cognitive and personal management of participants with high intellectual ability. METHOD: At the first time point, the sample consisted of n= 38 participants, and n= 20 parents; n= 48 participants at the second time point; and n= 60 participants at the third time point. The Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSA in Spanish), both for students (CSA-S) and for parents (CSA-P), was constructed. RESULTS: The CSA-S scores showed adequate psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a unidimensional structure. Cronbach’s alpha ranged between 85 and .86. Test-retest reliability was 0.45 (p<.05). The generalizability coefficient was .98. A high percentage of the sample was satisfied with the program, perceived improvements in cognitive and emotional management, motivation and interest in learning, and in the frequency and quality of their interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of educational programs is necessary in order to determine the efficacy and the effects of their implementation on the participants’ personal and intellectual management.

Evaluation of satisfaction in an extracurricular enrichment program for high-intellectual ability participants / Evaluación de la satisfacción de un programa de enriquecimiento extracurricular en participantes de alta capacidad intelectual

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of an extracurricular enrichment program of the cognitive and personal management of participants with high intellectual ability. METHOD: At the first time point, the sample consisted of n= 38 participants, and n= 20 parents; n= 48 participants at the second time point; and n= 60 participants at the third time point. The Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSA in Spanish), both for students (CSA-S) and for parents (CSA-P), was constructed. RESULTS: The CSA-S scores showed adequate psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a unidimensional structure. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 85 and .86. Test-retest reliability was 0.45 (p<.05). The generalizability coefficient was .98. A high percentage of the sample was satisfied with the program, perceived improvements in cognitive and emotional management, motivation and interest in learning, and in the frequency and quality of their interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of educational programs is necessary in order to determine the efficacy and the effects of their implementation on the participants' personal and intellectual management

ANTECEDENTES: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción de un programa de enriquecimiento extracurricular para el desarrollo cognitivo y la gestión de recursos de los participantes de alta capacidad intelectual. MÉTODO: en el primer punto del tiempo la muestra fue de n= 38 participantes y n= 20 padres; n= 48 participantes en el segundo punto de tiempo; y n= 60 participantes en el tercer momento temporal. Se construyó el Cuestionario de Satisfacción (CSA), con una versión para el alumno (CSA-A) y otra para los padres (CSA-P). RESULTADOS: las puntuaciones CSA-A mostraron propiedades psicométricas adecuadas. Una estructura esencialmente dimensional fue encontrada cuando se llevó a cabo el análisis factorial exploratorio. El alfa de Cronbach osciló entre 0,85 y 0,86. La fiabilidad test-retest fue 0,45 (p < 0,05). El coeficiente de generalizabilidad fue de 0,98. Un alto porcentaje de la muestra se mostró satisfecho con el programa y percibió mejoras en gestión cognitiva y emocional, en la motivación y el interés hacia el aprendizaje, y en la frecuencia y calidad de sus relaciones interpersonales. CONCLUSIONES: la evaluación de los programas extracurriculares es necesaria con el fin de determinar la eficacia y los efectos de su aplicación en la gestión personal e intelectual de los participantes

The assessment of emotional and Behavioural problems: Internal structure of The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the internal structure and measurement invariance across gender and age of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self-reported version, in Spanish adolescents. The sample consisted of 1,547 participants, 606 were male (39.1%), with a mean age of 15.15 years (SD = 1.99). Results from the confirmatory factor analysis showed a five-factor model and a bifactor model with correlated errors added as the most appropriate. Nevertheless, the bifactor model displayed lower and non-significant factor loadings. The hypothesis of measurement invariance of the SDQ scores across gender and age was supported. The level of internal consistency of the Total difficulties score was .84, ranging between .71 and .75 for the SDQ subscales. The study of the psychometric properties showed that the Spanish version of the SDQ, self-reported form, seems to be an adequate tool for the screening of emotional and behavioural problems during adolescence. Future research should analyze the internal structure of the SDQ in other regions and testing the measurement invariance across cultures.

El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la estructura interna y la invarianza de medición en función del género y la edad del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), versión autoinforme, en adolescentes españoles. La muestra está formada por 1.547 participantes, 606 varones (39,1%), con una media de edad de 15,15 años (DT = 1,99). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron que el modelo de cinco factores y el modelo bifactor con modificaciones presentaron los mejores índices de bondad de ajuste. Sin embargo, en el modelo bifactor algunas cargas factoriales no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La hipótesis de invarianza de medición de las puntuaciones del SDQ en función del género y la edad fue confirmada. El nivel de consistencia interna de la puntuación Total de dificultades fue 0,84, mientras que para las subescalas osciló entre 0,71 y 0,75. El estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del SDQ autoinforme parece indicar que se trata de una herramienta adecuada y útil para el cribado de problemas emocionales y comportamentales en la adolescencia. En investigaciones futuras se debería analizar la estructura interna del SDQ en otras regiones y someter a prueba la invariancia de medición en función de las culturas.

Screening mental health problems during adolescence: psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

The main purpose of the present study was to test the psychometric properties of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self-reported version, in Spanish adolescents, introducing a five-point Likert response scale. The sample consisted of 1474 adolescents with a mean age of 15.92 years (SD = 1.18). The level of internal consistency of the SDQ Total score was .75, ranging from .56 to .71 for the subscales. Results from exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure as the most satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the five-factor model (with modifications) displayed better goodness of-fit indices than the other hypothetical dimensional models tested. Furthermore, strong measurement invariance by age and partial measurement invariance by gender was supported. The study of the psychometric properties confirms that the Spanish version of the SDQ, self-reported form, is a useful tool for the screening of emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents.

Análisis de los casos nuevos de atención temprana atendidos en Navarra en el Centro Atención Temprana en el año 2006 / Analysis of the new cases of early assistance in Navarra in the Early Assistance Care Center in 2006

Introducción. Se analizan los casos nuevos valorados por el equipo de valoración de atención temprana de la Agencia Navarra para la Dependencia en el año 2006. Material y métodos. Los datos de la historia clínica se introducen en un archivo de base de datos Access®. Los datos de esta publicación se extraen de dicha base de datos. Resultados. La edad media de los 117 niños en el momento de la primera valoración fueron 15 meses y la duración media de estancia en el programa fueron 18 meses. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron: retraso madurativo: 35 casos, prematuridad: 31 casos, alteración del lenguaje (incluye fisura palatina e hipoacusia): 26 casos y alteración motora: 25 casos. Conclusiones. La detección temprana de los niños con alteración en el desarrollo o con riesgo de tenerlo, constituye un requisito imprescindible para la iniciación precoz de la intervención. Es fundamental la coordinación interdepartamental para agilizar los mecanismos de derivación y permitir la valoración en el programa de atención temprana lo antes posible (AU)

Introduction. We analyze the new cases evaluated by the early assistance team in the Navarra Agency for dependency during the year 2006. Material and methods. The clinical history data are introduced into an Access database file. We have obtained the data for this article from that file. Results. A total of 117 children (average age at first evaluation 15 months) with average stay in the program of 18 months were evaluated. The most frequent diagnoses were: developmental delay: 35 cases, prematurity: 31 cases, speech disorder (including palatine fissure and hearing loss): 26 cases, motor alteration: 25 cases. Conclusions. Early detection of children with developmental alterations or at risk of developing them is an essential requirement for early initiation of the intervention. Interdepartmental-coordination is essential to speed up referral mechanisms and enable evaluation as quickly as possible in the early assistance program (AU)

The effects of letrozole on ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in cancer-affected women.

Survival rates for fertile women with cancer have increased significantly, lending importance to considering the possibility of motherhood after cancer. This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective database comparing two groups of patients who underwent fertility preservation after being diagnosed with either breast cancer or a non-hormone-dependent cancer between 2009 and 2011. Nineteen oncology patients were included in the study. The objective was to assess the efficacy of ovarian stimulation with aromatase inhibitors versus a standard antagonist protocol. This study sought to quantify oestradiol concentrations in patients receiving letrozole and to determine the length of time between diagnosis of malignancy and onset of fertility preservation. Number of mature oocytes retrieved in the non-hormone-dependent cancer group was comparable to that in the breast cancer group (15.4±8.19 versus 16.3±7.31). Oestradiol concentrations were higher for patients with non-hormone-dependent cancer (1666.4±739.42 pg/ml versus 829±551.11 pg/ml, P=0.006). There were no differences between the groups in the length of time between diagnosis and fertility preservation (17.4±4.93 versus 16.4±1.74 days). Oestradiol concentrations of breast cancer patients on the letrozole protocol remained much lower than those of patients on the antagonist protocol.

[Executive function in early childhood and Generalizability Theory: Typical babies and preterm babies]. / Desarrollo ejecutivo temprano y Teoría de la Generalizabilidad: bebés típicos y prematuros.

In the areas of Social, Health, and Behavioral Sciences, observational designs are used as one of the best ways to study human behavior in natural and quasi-natural settings. Observing and recording a sample of individual patterns of behavior is a feature common to all of them, but a broad sampling error can be implicit, especially at early ages. Sampling errors arise also as a result of the observation of only a fraction of each possible case, and this is part of the problem involved in the estimation of generalizations of data recorded by systematic observation. The sampling process usually takes place at different stages (observers, sessions, tasks, age, etc...) and requires estimating variance components that can be combined with each other to produce one or more estimates of board coefficients. The Generalizability Theory (GT) proposes that there are many (infinite) sources of variation (facets) in any measurement. Our main objective is to identify the variance components that contribute to estimation errors and implement strategies to reduce the influence of these error sources on the measurement. Executive functioning in typical and premature babies is studied at 15 and 24 months. The results show differences between groups, sources of variation, and generalizability.

Desarrollo ejecutivo temprano y Teoría de la Generalizabilidad: bebés típicos y prematuros / Executive function in early childhood and generalizability Theory: typical babies and preterm babies

En las áreas científicas de las Ciencias Sociales, de la Salud y del Comportamiento utilizamos los diseños observacionales como unos de los que mejor permiten estudiar el comportamiento humano en situaciones naturales y cuasi-naturales. Una característica común a todos ellos es que sólo observamos y registramos una muestra del comportamiento de los individuos, pudiendo generar un amplio error muestral especialmente en edades tempranas. El error muestral surge como resultado de observar sólo una fracción de todas las ocasiones posibles. El muestreo en diferentes etapas (observadores, sesiones, tareas, edad, etc.), requiere la estimación de los componentes de variancia, que se combinan entre sí para producir estimaciones de coeficientes de generalizabilidad. La Teoría de la Generalizabilidad (TG) postula que en cualquier situación de medida existen múltiples (infinitas) fuentes de variación (facetas). El objetivo primordial es identificar los componentes de variancia que están aportando error a una estimación e implementar estrategias que reduzcan la influencia de estas fuentes de error sobre la medida. En concreto, se estudia el funcionamiento ejecutivo de bebés típicos y prematuros de 1;3 a. (15 meses) y 2;0 años (24 meses) mostrando la existencia de diferencias entre los grupos, las fuentes de variación y la generalizabilidad de los resultados(AU)

In the areas of Social, Health, and Behavioral Sciences, observational designs are used as one of the best ways to study human behavior in natural and quasi-natural settings. Observing and recording a sample of individual patterns of behavior is a feature common to all of them, but a broad sampling error can be implicit, especially at early ages. Sampling errors arise also as a result of the observation of only a fraction of each possible case, and this is part of the problem involved in the estimation of generalizations of data recorded by systematic observation. The sampling process usually takes place at different stages (observers, sessions, tasks, age, etc...) and requires estimating variance components that can be combined with each other to produce one or more estimates of board coefficients. The Generalizability Theory (GT) proposes that there are many (infinite) sources of variation (facets) in any measurement. Our main objective is to identify the variance components that contribute to estimation errors and implement strategies to reduce the influence of these error sources on the measurement. Executive functioning in typical and premature babies is studied at 15 and 24 months. The results show differences between groups, sources of variation, and generalizability(AU)

La actividad lógica de los bebés: un estudio diferencial / Babies’ logic activity: a differential study

Este trabajo pretende, desde una perspectiva neuroconstructivista del desarrollo cognitivo, conocer y comparar la organización y contenido lógico de la acción entre bebés con cursos de desarrollo alternativos: bebés típicos (BT) y bebés con Síndrome de Down (BD). Desde el inicio de las relaciones del bebé con el medio hay una forma elemental de lógica que se construye a través de la acción organizada y significativa (lógica en acción o protológica) que da lugar al origen del conocimiento tanto físico como lógico-matemático. Mediante la observación sistemática se ha registrado la acción espontánea de n= 20 bebés, (n= 10 bebés típicos, n= 10 bebés con Síndrome de Down), a una edad de desarrollo cognitivo equivalente a 1;3 años (15 meses). Aplicando el análisis microgenético y estadístico a los datos obtenidos, los resultados diferenciales muestran una menor organización y contenido lógico de la acción en los BD, corroborando y ampliando investigaciones previas que ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de una intervención temprana que optimice los recursos de desarrollo de los bebés

From a neuroconstructivist point of view based on infant cognitive development, the aim of this study is to get to know and compare the logical organization and content of the spontaneous activity of babies with alternative developmental courses (typical babies and Down’s Syndrome ones). A fundamental form of logic is observed since the beginning of babies’ interaction with their environment. This protologic is constructed through their organised and significative activity with the environment and it results in the elaboration of logico-mathematical and physical knowledge. Using Systematic Observation, we recorded the spontaneous activity of n=20 babies, (n= 10 typical babies, n= 10 Down Syndrome babies), with a cognitive developmental level of 1;3 years (15 months). Microgenetical and statistical analyses were applied and the results obtained showed a reduced logical content and organization of the activity of Down’s Syndrome babies, which corroborates and amplifies the results of previous research works. These results make evident the need to plan early educational intervention in order to optimize babies’ developmental resources