ABSTRACT
During 2020-2021, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean reported clinical emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales that had not been previously characterized locally, increased prevalence of carbapenemases that had previously been detected, and co-production of multiple carbapenemases in some isolates. These increases were likely fueled by changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including empirical antibiotic use for potential COVID-19-related bacterial infections and healthcare limitations resulting from the rapid rise in COVID-19 cases. Strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance, epidemiologic research, and infection prevention and control programs and antimicrobial stewardship in clinical settings can help prevent emergence and transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Latin America/epidemiology , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , BacteriaABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar al método de inactivación del carbapenémico (MIC*) frente a técnicas como el Test de Hodge modificado (THM), ácido 3-aminofenilborónico (APB) y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) tipo KPC. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron 88 aislados clínicos de K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E.coli, S. marcescens, C. freundii sensibles y 91 resistentes a los carbapenémicos. El APB y el método MIC* se realizaron siguiendo las publicaciones originales. El THM se realizó de acuerdo al CLSI 100S Edición 26-2016. El gen blaKPC se identificó por multiplex PCR. Resultados: El MIC* en EPC tipo KPC presentó una sensibilidad/especificidad cercana al 100% y kappa de 1 comparado con la PCR; se observó la ausencia de halo en todas los aislados EPC tipo KPC a diferencia de los aislados sensibles a los cabapenémicos que presentaron halo > 19mm. Se observó el 3 % de resultados falsos positivos y el 5 % de falsos negativos en THM y ABP respectivamente. Discusión y conclusiones: El MIC* y la PCR demuestran superioridad al THM y ABP para identificar carbapenemasas tipo KPC en EPC. Se recomienda su uso de forma rutinaria dentro del algoritmo para la contención de infecciones por este tipo de patógenos.
Objective: To compare the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM *) with the Modified Hodge Test (MHT), the acid 3-aminophenylboronic test(APB) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the blaKPC gene for the identification of KPC carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ECP). Materials and Methods: We selected 88 susceptible and 91 carbapenems resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter freundii. We performed APB and CIM* according to previously published methods and the MHT according to CLSI 100S Edition 26-2016. The blaKPC gene was identified by PCR multiplex. Results: The CIM* had a sensitivity and specificity close to 100% and a kappa score of 1 compared with gold standard PCR. The absence of zone diameter was observed in all isolated KPC producers, unlike in isolates susceptible to carbapenems, where a zone diameter >19mm was observed. Three percent of false positive and five percent of false negative was observed in THM and ABP respectively. Discussion and conclusions: The CIM* and the PCR were better than MHT and ABP at identifying carbapenemases in ECP. We recommend the routine use of the CIM* within the algorithm for ECP infection control.
