ABSTRACT
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a recognized clinical syndrome characterized by reversible cardiomyopathy with a distinctive left ventricular apical ballooning appearance. TC is associated with risk factors such as estrogen deficiency, emotional and physical stress, and genetic factors. The clinical presentation of TC can be like that of a myocardial infarction. While catecholamine-induced myocardial stunning is suggested by current evidence, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms remain uncertain. Diagnostic criteria, including the InterTAK Diagnostic Criteria, have been established by the Takotsubo International Registry. Supportive and symptomatic medication constitutes the mainstay of treatment, with a focus on improving left ventricle (LV) function over several days, leading to full recovery within three to four weeks. Given its resemblance to myocardial infarction, cautious diagnosis and management are essential for optimal outcomes. We present the case of a previously healthy 35-year-old female who presented with chest pain and dyspnea after discovering her father's death. On examination, she exhibited hypotension, bradycardia, and a new-onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) in her electrocardiogram. Her left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on presentation was 22%, and troponin T (TnT) levels were notably elevated at 430 (normal ranges < 14). After two days of treatment and monitoring at the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), she improved clinically, and her LVEF improved to 52%.
ABSTRACT
A spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon disease, but it is associated with significant morbidity. SEA can be promoted by multiple risk factors. Moreover, the diagnosis of SEA usually requires the presence of a classic triad of back pain, fever, and neurological deficit, hence, the difficulty in making the diagnosis if presented otherwise. Horner syndrome (HS) is an uncommon presentation in association with SEA. Even though nonsurgical versus surgical management of SEA is still controversial, the literature review indicates a preference for surgical decompression as a treatment for SEA presenting with neurological compromise, followed by long-term antimicrobial therapy. The rapidity of making the diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatment determine the outcome. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with no past medical history. The patient arrived at the Hamad General Hospital emergency department (ED) with severe upper back pain radiating to his left shoulder, which progressed to numbness and weakness of the left upper limb and spastic paraplegia. A left HS was revealed in a further neurological examination. However, the diagnosis of a spinal epidural abscess (SEA) was made after a left posterolateral epidural abscess extending from C5/6-T2/3 with associated cord compression and edema was revealed on an MRI scan. The patient then underwent a left C7, T1 hemilaminectomy and received antibiotics followed by admission to the rehabilitation unit. Staph. aureus was reported in culture microbiology results. Unfortunately, motor power recovery after the surgery was not significant. Although it is difficult to diagnose SEA, it is crucial to suspect it in the presence of a neurological deficit regardless of the presence or absence of predisposing factors. Nevertheless, HS is not a relatively common finding in association with SEA. In this case report, we have a young patient with SEA who presented with left HS, upper back pain, and progressive neurological deficit in the absence of identifiable risk factors.
