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1.
Sci. agric ; 57(3)2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1495954

ABSTRACT

A methanolic extract from neem seed kernels, obtained using the Soxhlet apparatus was used to study the mortality of eggs and larvae of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and to evaluate of the ovicidal effect. Eggs 24 hours after oviposition were counted and sprayed with the extract at the concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 mg L-1. Controls were sprayed with water and methanol. The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions at 25±2°C; UR 50±10% and 12 h of photophase. Incubation period for all treatments, including controls, was four days on the average. The extract did not affect the viability of eggs, although the values varied between of 51.7% the 80.6%. Larvae recently hatched from eggs were placed in glass tubes containing a tomato leaflet previously immersed for five seconds into the extract, at concentrations of 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L-1 and conditioned on BOD at 27±1°C; 65±10% RH and 12 hours of light. By the fourth day after treatment the extract caused mortalities of 82, 68, 94.7 and 100%, respectively. By the sixth day, all concentrations caused 100% mortality of the larvae. The controls with water and methanol presented mortalities of 4 and 8%, respectively.


Estudou-se o efeito tóxico do extrato metanólico da amêndoa da semente de nim, obtido pelo aparelho de Soxhlet, na mortalidade de ovos e lagartas de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Para constatação do efeito ovicida, ovos com 24 horas da oviposição foram contados e pulverizados com extrato nas concentrações 1000; 500; 250; 125 e 62,5 mg L-1. As testemunhas foram pulverizadas com água e metanol. O experimento foi mantido, em laboratório, a 25 ± 2°C; UR de 50 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 h. O período de incubação, para todos os tratamentos inclusive as testemunhas, foi em média de quatro dias, sendo que o extrato não afetou a viabilidade dos ovos, embora os valores tenham variado de 51,7% a 80,6%. Lagartas recém-eclodidas foram colocadas em tubos contendo um folíolo de tomateiro, previamente imerso em extrato, nas concentrações de 2000; 4000; 6000 e 8000 mg L-1 e acondicionados na câmara climatizada à 27 ± 1°C; UR: 65 ± 10% e fotofase: 12 h. Aos quatro dias, causaram mortalidade de 82, 68, 94,7 e 100%, respectivamente, sendo que, ao sexto dia, todas as concentrações tinham causado 100% de mortalidade da fase larval. As testemunhas tratadas com água e com metanol apresentaram mortalidade de 4% e 8%, respectivamente.

2.
Sci. agric. ; 57(3)2000.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-439407

ABSTRACT

A methanolic extract from neem seed kernels, obtained using the Soxhlet apparatus was used to study the mortality of eggs and larvae of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and to evaluate of the ovicidal effect. Eggs 24 hours after oviposition were counted and sprayed with the extract at the concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 mg L-1. Controls were sprayed with water and methanol. The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions at 25±2°C; UR 50±10% and 12 h of photophase. Incubation period for all treatments, including controls, was four days on the average. The extract did not affect the viability of eggs, although the values varied between of 51.7% the 80.6%. Larvae recently hatched from eggs were placed in glass tubes containing a tomato leaflet previously immersed for five seconds into the extract, at concentrations of 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 mg L-1 and conditioned on BOD at 27±1°C; 65±10% RH and 12 hours of light. By the fourth day after treatment the extract caused mortalities of 82, 68, 94.7 and 100%, respectively. By the sixth day, all concentrations caused 100% mortality of the larvae. The controls with water and methanol presented mortalities of 4 and 8%, respectively.


Estudou-se o efeito tóxico do extrato metanólico da amêndoa da semente de nim, obtido pelo aparelho de Soxhlet, na mortalidade de ovos e lagartas de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Para constatação do efeito ovicida, ovos com 24 horas da oviposição foram contados e pulverizados com extrato nas concentrações 1000; 500; 250; 125 e 62,5 mg L-1. As testemunhas foram pulverizadas com água e metanol. O experimento foi mantido, em laboratório, a 25 ± 2°C; UR de 50 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 h. O período de incubação, para todos os tratamentos inclusive as testemunhas, foi em média de quatro dias, sendo que o extrato não afetou a viabilidade dos ovos, embora os valores tenham variado de 51,7% a 80,6%. Lagartas recém-eclodidas foram colocadas em tubos contendo um folíolo de tomateiro, previamente imerso em extrato, nas concentrações de 2000; 4000; 6000 e 8000 mg L-1 e acondicionados na câmara climatizada à 27 ± 1°C; UR: 65 ± 10% e fotofase: 12 h. Aos quatro dias, causaram mortalidade de 82, 68, 94,7 e 100%, respectivamente, sendo que, ao sexto dia, todas as concentrações tinham causado 100% de mortalidade da fase larval. As testemunhas tratadas com água e com metanol apresentaram mortalidade de 4% e 8%, respectivamente.

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