A rare case report of bilateral recurrent inguinal hernia due to persistent Müllerian duct syndrome treated by transabdominal preperitoneal repair.

INTRODUCTION: Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare disease occurring in men with an otherwise completely normal phenotype, in which female internal sex organs are present, including a uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina. We report a case of bilateral recurrent inguinal hernia due to PMDS treated by transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP). PATIENT CONCERNS: A 72-year-old male presented with a complaint of swelling on both sides of the groin. The patient had undergone bilateral inguinal hernia suture repair 50 years ago. DIAGNOSIS: Bilateral recurrent inguinal hernia INTERVENTIONS:: TAPP was performed. There was a fibrous structure linking the left and right hernia orifice and a muscular structure in the hernia sac on the left. We noticed that the muscular structure was a vagina and fibrous structure was the salpinx, and we diagnosed the patient with PMDS. Supravaginal hysterectomy and right salpingectomy were performed. After that a preperitoneal mesh repair was performed for bilateral inguinal hernia. OUTCOMES: Histologically, the diagnosis was confirmed as PMDS. The patient had an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: This case is the first case of bilateral recurrent inguinal hernia due to PMDS managed by TAPP.

Scaffold attachment factor B: distribution and interaction with ERα in the rat brain.

Scaffold attachment factor (SAFB) 1 and its homologue SAFB2 are multifunctional proteins that are involved in various cellular mechanisms, including chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation, and are also corepressors of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Both SAFBs are expressed at high levels in the brain. However, the distributions of SAFB1 and SAFB2 have yet to be characterized in detail and it is unclear whether both proteins interact with ERα in the brain. In this study, we investigated the expression and distribution of both SAFBs and their interaction with ERα in adult male rat brain. Immunohistochemical staining showed that SAFB1 and SAFB2 have a similar distribution pattern and are widely expressed throughout the brain. Double-fluorescence immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analyses in primary cultures showed that the two SAFB proteins are localized in nuclei of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Of note, SAFB2 was also found in cytoplasmic regions in these cell lineages. Both SAFB proteins were also expressed in ERα-positive cells in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that both SAFB proteins from the MPOA reciprocally interact with endogenous ERα. These results indicate that, in addition to a role in basal cellular function in the brain, the SAFB proteins may serve as ERα corepressors in hormone-sensitive regions.