ABSTRACT
IntroductionVaccination programs are important to preventing COVID-19 infection. BNT162b2 is new type of vaccine, and previous studies have shown that the antibody response was significantly elevated in patients with prior COVID-19 infection after the first vaccination. However, no study has evaluated the efficacy of the vaccination or the adverse reactions of people with prior COVID-19 infection in Japan. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibody titer and adverse reactions of BNT162b2 vaccine among participants with prior COVID-19 infection in Japan. MethodsThe data for this study was collected between April 15, 2021, and June 9, 2021. All of the hospital staff who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were included in this study and were sorted into either the prior infection group or the control group. We collected the data of adverse reactions through self-reporting and calculated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibody titer for all participants. ResultsThe antibody titer of the prior-infection group in first antibody test was significantly higher than that of the control group in the second antibody test. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the prior infection group receiving its first vaccination and the control group receiving its second vaccination. ConclusionOur study shows that the antibody response following the first vaccination in the prior COVID-19 infection group was found to be comparable to that of the second vaccination in the control group; however, the evaluation of adverse reactions was inadequate and further, large-scale studies are needed.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody reaction after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and to reveal the factors that affect antibody production. This prospective study was carried out in the Association of EISEIKAI Medical and Healthcare Corporation Minamitama Hospital, in Tokyo, Japan, from April 15, 2021 to June 09, 2021. All our hospitals workers who were administered the BNT162b2 vaccine as part of a routine program were included in this study. We calculated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibody titter 1) before vaccination, 2) seven to twenty days after the first vaccination, and 3) seven to twenty days after the second vaccination. The low-antibody titer group (LABG) was defined as the group having less than 25 percentiles of antibody titer. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to ascertain the effects of factors on the likelihood of LABG. 374 participants were eventually included in our study, and they were divided into 94 LABG and 280 non-LABG. All samples showed significant antibody elevation in the second antibody test, with a mean value of 3476 U/mL. When comparing the LABG and non-LABG groups, the median age, blood sugar, and HbA1c were significantly higher in the LABG group. The rates of participants with low BMI (<18.5) and high BMI (>30) were significantly higher in the LABG group. The proportion of chronic lung disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, autoimmune disease, and cancer were significantly higher in the LABG group. Although there was no significant difference confirmed with respect to the exercise hours per day, the proportion of participants that did not perform outdoor activities was significantly higher in the LABG group. The time interval between the second vaccination and the second antibody test, and between the first and the second vaccination was significantly longer in the non-LABG group. Our logistic regression analysis revealed that the age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, antihypertensive drug, antilipid drug, {gamma}-GT, BS, HbA1c, and lack of outdoor activity were significant suppressors of antibody reaction, whereas maintaining the appropriate time interval between the first and the second vaccination could promote a significant antibody response. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, obesity, and lack of outdoor activities were significant suppressors of antibody reaction, whereas the length of days from the first to the second vaccination promoted a significant antibody response. Our single-center study demonstrates that age, obesity, and lack of outdoor activities were significant suppressors of antibody response, whereas maintaining the appropriate time interval between the first and the second vaccination could promote a significant antibody response. Evidence from multi-center studies is needed to develop further vaccination strategies.
ABSTRACT
A crucial step in clarifying and consolidating the learning gained from simulations in healthcare is to debrief those simulation experiences-that is, to methodically review what happened and why. Leading a debriefing is a learned skill, and can be improved with practice and feedback. The Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare （DASHTM） Handbook and Rating Forms are designed to assist in evaluating and developing debriefing skills. Additional information, rating forms, and contact information can be found at the DASH website: http:／／www.harvardmedsim.org／dash.html.
