[Rupture of the pulmonary artery - fatal complication by pulmonary artery balloon-tipped catheter]. / Pulmonalarterienruptur - letale Komplikation einer Einschwemmkatheteruntersuchung (Thermodilutionskatheter).

The flow directed balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheter introduced by Swann and Ganz 1970 has made possible the measurement of filling pressures in the heart and is extensively used in operating rooms, in catheterization laboratories and in intensive care units. The rupture of the pulmonary artery is an uncommon complication associated with a high mortality rate exceeding 50 percent. Main symptoms are cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea and cardiac shock. Complications occur if guidelines for the safe use of the balloon-tipped catheters are not strictly followed: Excessive catheter manipulation, advancing the catheter tip too far peripherally and leaving the inflated balloon in the wedge position for long periods should be avoided. Patients with pulmonary hypertension as well as elderly and anticoagulated patients are at greater risk.