Differences in tooth shade value according to age, gender and skin color: A pilot study.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose was to investigate the differences in tooth shade value according to age, gender and skin color among a sample of the local population in Bengaluru, India. METHODOLOGY: The study comprised 100 subjects belonging to both gender between the age groups of 16 years to 55 years. Tooth shade values of permanent maxillary left or right central incisors were recorded using the Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide. Skin color was matched using the Radiance compact makeup shades as a guide. RESULTS: Chi-square statistical test demonstrated that younger subjects have lighter tooth shade values. No statistically significant differences were recorded in tooth shade value according to gender or skin color. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the current study, it can be concluded that tooth shade value is significantly influenced by age. Gender and skin color appear not to have a significant relation to tooth shade value.

A Viable Treatment Alternative in Distal Extension Cases: A Case Report.

Dentures requiring support from teeth, the mucosa and the underlying alveolar ridges are subjected to many forces that adversely effect the abutment teeth and the residual ridges during functional and parafunctional activity. A number of designs of the framework and the direct retainers were used to improve the comfort and acceptance of the patient wearing a removable partial denture. Attachment retained removable partial denture is one of the viable treatment alternative through which significant number of patients could be benefited. In this particular case of distal extension, attachment retained removable partial denture was chosen as a treatment modality. This article provides an overview and a simplified approach to this treatment through a case report and the criteria followed for selection of the particular attachments for treating the patient.

Bilateral implant-retained auricular prosthesis for a patient with congenitally missing ears. A clinical report.

Microtia is a major congenital anomaly of the external ear. It includes a spectrum of deformities from a grossly normal but small ear to the absence of the entire external ear. These deformities account for three in every 10,000 births, with bilaterally missing ears seen in fewer than 10% of all cases. Congenital abnormalities of the ear are unlikely to result in the complete absence of the ears, but the patient presented in this article had bilateral congenitally missing ears. There was loss of anatomic landmarks and alteration of normal bony architecture. Minimal tissue was available for retention; therefore, conventional techniques could not be used for achieving retention. A two-implant-supported auricular prosthesis was planned, but the patient was found to have deficient bone in the implant site. Hence the implants were placed posterior to these sites, and the superstructure was modified to accommodate for this change in position of the implant to ensure the esthetic positioning of the prosthesis.

A finite element analysis of stress distribution in the bone, around the implant supporting a mandibular overdenture with ball/o ring and magnetic attachment.

Today implant dentistry has made great inroads into the treatment modalities that are available in treating an edentulous patient. Popularity of a two implant retained overdenture has created a necessity to examine the various attachment systems being used and the stresses that are transmitted to the alveolar bone. Hence a Three dimensional Finite Element Analysis was done to analyze the stress distribution in the mandibular bone with implant-supported overdenture having Ball/O-ring and Magnet attachments of different diameters. A segment of the anterior region of the mandible was modeled with implant and the overdenture. Four different models were generated having Ball/O-Ring and Magnet Attachments. Forces of 10 N, 35 N and 70 N were applied from the horizontal, vertical and oblique directions respectively and the stress distribution studied. It was concluded that the greatest stress concentrations were seen at the crest of the cortical bone and could be reduced by using smaller sized attachments for implant supported-overdenture.

A comparitive evaluation of the marginal adaptation of zirconium coping and nickel-chromium coping using shoulder finish line design: an invitro study.

Marginal adaptation is an important factor for long term clinical success of the restoration. This study aims to evaluate and compare the marginal adaptation of zirconium coping and nickel-chromium coping using the shoulder finish line design. For the purpose of this study 30 master dies were fabricated. A total of 30 copings were fabricated in which 15 zirconia copings and 15 Ni-Cr copings were fabricated. The copings obtained were seated on the die and marginal discrepancy between the metal die and the copings were then measured with Scanning electron microscope at magnification of ×50 and the findings were statistically analyzed. Mean and standard deviation values of marginal discrepancy of cervical margins of zirconia copings were 39.32 and 2.66 µm and Ni-Cr copings were 129.98 and 2.57 µm. Higher mean marginal gap (µm) is recorded in Ni-Cr copings compared to zirconia copings. The difference in mean marginal gap (µm) between the two copings is found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Within the limitation of this study it was concluded that higher mean marginal gap (µm) was recorded in Ni-Cr copings compared to zirconia copings. The difference in mean marginal gap (µm) between the two copings is found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Gagging.

Gagging is a protective reflex to stop unwanted entry into the mouth and oropharynx. Some people have a reduced or absent reflex, while others have a pronounced one. Pronounced gag reflexes can compromise all aspects of dentistry, from the diagnostic procedures of examination and radiography to any form of active treatment. In some patients with marked gagging reflexes, it can lead to avoidance of treatment. Many techniques have been described that attempt to overcome this problem, and a variety of management strategies is necessary to aid the delivery of dental care. This is a review of the etiology of gagging problems, clinical assessment, and their classification and categorization prior to clinical treatment. It discusses as well methods for managing patients with gag reflexes during dental treatment.

Nanodentistry: A Paradigm Shift-from Fiction to Reality.

Nanodentistry is an emerging field with significant potential to yield new generation of technologically advanced clinical tools and devices for oral healthcare. Nanoscale topology and quantitative biomechanical or biophysical analysis of dental surfaces are of significant interest. In particular, using Atomic force microscopy techniques-diseases such as dental caries, tooth hypersensitivity, and oral cancer can be quantified based on morphological, biophysical and biochemical nanoscale properties of tooth surface itself and dental materials or oral fluids such as saliva. An outlook on future "nanodentistry" developments such as saliva exosomes based diagnostics, designing biocompatible, antimicrobial dental implants and personalized dental healthcare is presented. This article examines current applications of nanotechnology alongside proposed applications in the future and aims to demonstrate that, as well as a good deal of science fiction, there is some tangible science fact emerging from this novel multidisciplinary science.

Influence of Implant Surface Topography and Loading Condition on Stress Distribution in Bone Around Implants: A Comparative 3D FEA.

A three-dimensional Finite Element Method was used to study the influence of porous coated surface topography of an implant on stress and strain distribution pattern in the cortical and cancellous bone during axial and non-axial loading. Two implants, one with porous surface topography and one with smooth surface were embedded in separate geometric models of posterior mandibular region which was generated using a CT scan data. Material properties and boundary conditions were applied. Load of 100 and 50 N were applied on to the abutment from axial and non-axial directions respectively. Porous surface topography appeared to distribute stress in a more uniform pattern around the implant with near absence of stress in the apical region of implant. Smooth surfaced implant showed high punching stress at the apex of the implant. The porous coated interface was considered to simulate the shock absorbing behavior of periodontal ligament of natural dentition. Maximum amount of stress concentration was observed in the cortical bone which plays a major role in the dissipation of the stress.

Biologic perspectives in restorative treatment.

One of the primary goals of a long term successful restorative therapy is to establish a physiologic periodontal climate that facilitates the maintenance of periodontal health. The contemporary clinician has a host of alternatives for the restoration of teeth. It is now possible to mimic nature and provide restorations that defy detection but the most challenging procedure in clinical dentistry is fabricating a restoration in gingival harmony. Periodontal health is the basis of all restorative dentistry. Because periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss in adults, the clinician must be aware of the biological variables relevant to restorative therapy, basic concepts and clinical modes of therapy available, to be able to develop an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan. A natural looking prosthesis within a healthy periodontium should represent the ultimate goal. This article addresses the interactions between periodontal tissues and restorative procedures. It reviews the essentials of soft tissue management inherent in restorative dentistry that will increase the probability of a successful restoration.

Crowns to create esthetics for mal-aligned central incisors: a case report.

This case report describes the smile design of crowded upper central anteriors in a female patient aged 25 years. The patient wanted the correction to be completed in a short period of time. A smile design schedule was drawn up involving root canal treatment of the central incisors and placing posts in both the teeth. All ceramic crowns were then fabricated to establish a very satisfactory and pleasing esthetics.

Modification of esthetics using a combined orthodontic and a prosthodontic approach: a case report.

A patient sometimes requires a multidisciplinary approach to correct the esthetics and to improve the occlusion. This case report describes the management of an adult female patient with a convex profile, proclined upper and lower anterior teeth, missing upper left lateral incisor and peg shaped upper right lateral incisor tooth through orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment.

An Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Zirconium Oxide Posts Fabricated Using CAD-CAM Technology Compared with Prefabricated Glass Fibre Posts.

Post and core therapy is regarded as the treatment of choice for restoring severely damaged endodontically treated teeth. Critical control of endodontic materials in the coronal third of the canal and pulp chamber is essential in order to maintain its colour and translucency. In addition to this, the duplication of the optical characteristics of an intact tooth, including shade translucency and fluorescence is often made difficult by the use of metal infrastructures. As a result of this tooth colored posts have gained popularity especially in aesthetic areas. Besides aesthetics, the post is also responsible for transmitting the occlusal forces to the remaining tooth structure making the mechanical properties of the post critical. However, there is no clear consensus regarding an ideal system as far as strength of the post is concerned. Hence this study aims to analyses and compares the fracture strength of traditional prefabricated glass fibre posts with zirconium oxide posts constructed using CAD CAM technology.

Study of Biomechanics of Porous Coated Root Form Implant Using Overdenture Attachment: A 3D FEA.

The purpose of this article is to do a three-dimensional finite element stress analysis, in relation to root form implant supported by overdenture attachment, during axial and non-axial loading. Two porous coated Titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) implants with overdenture abutment were embedded in both simple and 3D model of interforaminal region of mandible. The material properties of tissue ingrowth bonded interface were calculated considering Iso-Strain condition. The masticatory forces: axial load of 35 N, a horizontal load of 10 N, and an oblique load of 120 N, was applied for the two qualities of cancellous bone. It implied that porous topography of the implant led to optimal stress transfer at the tissue ingrowth bonded interface and insignificant punching stress at the apex than a smooth surface implant. The inferior bone quality was deformed even under physiologic loads and showed wider stress pattern. Simulated implant abutment to implant bone interface stress may be significantly affected by the quality of the bone and the surface topography of the implant. The interface is affected to a lesser extent by the prosthetic material properties. Threedimensional anatomical model was more close to reality than the geometry of much simpler altered models.

Gingival biotype - Prosthodontic perspective.

During treatment planning it is important to recognize different gingival biotypes and forms, because they can affect the esthetic outcome of the treatment. This review provides an insight into the different gingival biotypes, their response to inflammation and trauma; significance in different prosthodontic modalities like esthetic rehabilitation and implant therapy.