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1.
Intellect Dev Disabil ; 62(2): 126-136, 2024 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38545818

ABSTRACT

While there are many benefits to healthy nutrition, adults with intellectual disability often have poor nutrition habits. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the use of a nutrition app and self-management intervention to increase awareness of healthy nutrition choices for adults with intellectual disability. Data was gathered on the effectiveness of the intervention and social validity of intervention components. Through a single-case multiple-baseline across participants design, the mobile nutrition app with self-management intervention was effective in increasing awareness of healthier nutrition items for three adults with an intellectual disability. Future research is needed to replicate and generalize findings, as well as explore additional supports that may be needed for individuals who have more extensive support needs.


Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability , Mobile Applications , Self-Management , Adult , Humans , Intellectual Disability/therapy , Diet, Healthy , Pilot Projects
2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37239499

ABSTRACT

Although there are many benefits to regular engagement in physical activity, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities often do not engage in or near the recommended amount of physical activity. Barriers, such as lack of perceived capability, accessible environments, transportation, social support, and or knowledgeable support staff, may limit participation in physical activity. The present study used qualitative methods to explore the experiences of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities enrolled in a fitness program. We used field observations and photo-elicited semi-structured interviews to explore what capabilities, opportunities, and motivations facilitate or hinder engagement in fitness classes and their experiences in the program. We used the COM-B model to deductively interpret and analyze the data through thematic analysis. Major themes were identified around types of support and preferences for physical over sedentary activities. Instructor, client, and family support were identified as important in facilitating interest, engagement, and skill. Dependency on others for financial and transportation support was also reported as important for participants to access the fitness program. This study provides valuable insight into the interactions and experiences of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including what keeps them engaged in a fitness program as it relates to capabilities, opportunities, and motivation.


Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities , Intellectual Disability , Child , Humans , Adult , Exercise , Social Support , Family Support , Motivation
4.
J Intellect Disabil ; 26(4): 1075-1088, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34514893

ABSTRACT

Adults with autism and co-occurring intellectual disability engage in low levels of physical activity and are at increased risk of developing secondary health conditions attributed to physical inactivity compared to adults in the general population. Few studies have examined the use of objective measures to characterize physical activity levels for adults with autism and intellectual disability. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity, using an activity tracker, and quality of life in adults with autism and intellectual disability. In the current study, 38 adults with autism and intellectual disability, ages 18-55, wore a Fitbit Flex 2® activity tracker for 1 week, and completed the Quality of Life Questionnaire. The relationship between average daily step count quality of life was examined. Most adults in the sample were overweight and taking fewer daily steps than recommended guidelines. Increased average daily step count was significantly associated with quality of life.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Intellectual Disability , Adult , Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , Intellectual Disability/complications , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Exercise
5.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 51(11): 4013-4032, 2021 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33449225

ABSTRACT

This systematic review describes a set of practices that have evidence of positive effects with autistic children and youth. This is the third iteration of a review of the intervention literature (Odom et al. in J Autism Dev Disorders 40(4):425-436, 2010a; Prevent School Fail 54(4):275-282, 2010b; Wong et al. in https://autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/sites/autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/files/imce/documents/2014-EBP-Report.pdf ; J Autism Dev Disorders 45(7):1951-1966, 2015), extending coverage to articles published between 1990 and 2017. A search initially yielded 31,779 articles, and the subsequent screening and evaluation process found 567 studies to include. Combined with the previous review, 972 articles were synthesized, from which the authors found 28 focused intervention practices that met the criteria for evidence-based practice (EBP). Former EBPs were recategorized and some manualized interventions were distinguished as meeting EBP criteria. The authors discuss implications for current practices and future research.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Autistic Disorder , Adolescent , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/therapy , Child , Evidence-Based Practice , Humans , Schools , Young Adult
6.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 50(6): 1931-1940, 2020 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30820727

ABSTRACT

Comprehensive reviews of the research literature have identified that focused intervention practices for children and youth with autism spectrum disorder have evidence of producing positive developmental and learning outcomes. The Autism Focused Intervention Resources and Modules (AFIRM) project has translated evidence-based practices identified by Wong et al. (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45(7):1951-1966, 2015) into online learning modules. The purpose of this paper is to describe (1) the process for translating the research literature into practical information that practitioners can use, (2) its dissemination through a freely accessible website, (3) the use of the modules by over 64,500 users located in the United States and abroad, (4) knowledge gained as a result of completing the modules, and (5) consumers' evaluations of modules usefulness and relevance.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/rehabilitation , Evidence-Based Practice , Information Dissemination/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Child , Facilities and Services Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans
7.
Res Dev Disabil ; 73: 115-125, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29289793

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS/METHODS: While there are many benefits to regular engagement in physical activity, individuals with autism spectrum disorder often do not engage in healthy levels of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to compare praise delivered through multiple means on increasing engagement in physical activity for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. A single-case alternating treatment design was used to compare two conditions for delivering praise statements, in-person and through technology, for three young adults with autism spectrum disorder and accompanying intellectual disability. PROCEDURES/OUTCOMES: The study consisted of training; baseline, comparison, best-treatment, thinning, and generalization phases; and social validity interviews. For each session, data were collected on the number of laps completed, duration, and resting/ending heart rates. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The number of laps completed increased for all participants during intervention, however, results were mixed regarding the more effective and preferred condition. Participants who excelled in the technology condition also maintained performance levels when praise statements were thinned and generalized performance to a new setting. IMPLICATIONS: Praise statements can be used to increase levels of physical activity in young adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Exposing individuals to multiple conditions can impact their preferred method for receiving support.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Behavior Therapy/methods , Exercise , Intellectual Disability , Reinforcement, Psychology , User-Computer Interface , Computers, Handheld , Humans , Male , Young Adult
8.
Intellect Dev Disabil ; 55(3): 154-166, 2017 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28608773

ABSTRACT

Adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) engage in risky behavior and offending. However, little is known on the impact school-related predictors have on engagement in risky behaviors for adolescents with ID. This study analyzed secondary data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) to determine levels of engagement in risky behaviors and offending for adolescents with mild and moderate/severe ID. School-related predictors of engagement for adolescents with mild ID were also explored. Results indicated adolescents with mild ID engage in risky behaviors and offending at significantly higher rates as compared to adolescents with moderate/severe ID. Participation in a social skills or life skills class was a significant predictor of less engagement in risky behaviors for individuals with mild ID.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Health Risk Behaviors , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Adolescent , Female , Health Risk Behaviors/physiology , Humans , Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Young Adult
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