ABSTRACT
Biological activity of pure extracts of cultural filtrates of Aspergillus niveus 2411, Myrothecium cinctum 910, Ulocladium consortiale 960, Penicillium sp. 10-51 concerning wide spectrum of test-organisms was investigated. It was shown that the extracts had high levels of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, especially against Bacillus genus. But their activity against Gram-negative bacteria was a bit lower. On the other hand, metabolites of M. cinctum 910 and Penicillium sp. 10-51 did show the activity concerning phytopathogenic bacteria. Extracts of fungi showed fungistatic activity against yeasts, but they were not so active concerning fungal test-cultures. Extracts of A. niveus 2411, Penicillium sp. 10-51 suppressed the growth of Phoma betae. The highest level of fungistatic activity was shown by metabolites of M. cinctum 910. They showed activity against Aspergillus genus strains and phytopathogenic isolates of Fusarium lactis, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus/chemistry , Hypocreales/chemistry , Penicillium/chemistry , Spiroplasma/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Aspergillus/metabolism , Bacillus/drug effects , Bacillus/growth & development , Botrytis/drug effects , Botrytis/growth & development , Complex Mixtures/chemistry , Fusarium/drug effects , Fusarium/growth & development , Hypocreales/metabolism , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Penicillium/metabolism , Rhizoctonia/drug effects , Rhizoctonia/growth & development , Spiroplasma/metabolismABSTRACT
The comparative study of toxigenic potential of Myrothecium cinctum (12 strains) and Myrothecium commune (7 strains) was conducted. The ability to produce the complex of macrocyclic trichothecenes (MCTC) presented in ethanol soluble fraction (ESF), as well as fungistatic activity against yeasts test-cultures (strains Saccharomyces vini "Feodosia" and Candida stellatoidea 62) and rabbit skin test were evaluated. It was established that ESF output varied within wide limits in all studied strains of both species but it was significantly lower in M. commune strains. Higher ESF yields were accompanied as a rule by higher fungistatic activity and skin reaction in rabbits. The separate strains showed high biological activity with minor ESF output that could be possible caused by domination of more toxic components in complex preparation. The study of MCTC component structure by high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) showed with a few exceptions the presence of verrucarins A and J, roridins A, E, and H as well as unidentified components whose column retention times were 2.1 and 4.9 minutes. The production of roridin H and unknown component with 2.1 min. retention time was typical of M. cinctum strains while verrucarin A and unidentified component with 4.9 min. retention time was typical of M. commune strains.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/toxicity , Candida/drug effects , Hypocreales/chemistry , Saccharomyces/drug effects , Trichothecenes/toxicity , Animals , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Candida/growth & development , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Ethanol , Liquid Phase Microextraction , Rabbits , Saccharomyces/growth & development , Skin/drug effects , Skin Tests , Species Specificity , Trichothecenes/chemistry , Trichothecenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Silica gel column chromatography (silica gel "L" II kind of activity 100/160 mkm) of the chloroform extract from the cultural filtrate of Penicillium sp. 10-51 gave two fractions (chloroform and chloroform-acetone, 5:1) having biological activity. Recrystallization yielded two compounds. On the basis of physico-chemical and spectral data these compounds were identified as curvularin and hydroxycurvularin, which have a large spectrum of biological action as to bacteria, yeast, blue-green algae and phytopathogenic micromycetes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Penicillium/chemistry , Zearalenone/analogs & derivatives , Acetone/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Botrytis/drug effects , Botrytis/growth & development , Chloroform/chemistry , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Culture Media , Cyanobacteria/drug effects , Cyanobacteria/growth & development , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development , Penicillium/metabolism , Silica Gel , Spectrum Analysis , Zearalenone/chemistry , Zearalenone/isolation & purification , Zearalenone/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Screening of phytotoxic properties of 5 micromycete strains were made concerning cultivated plants and weeds. All of the strains show phytotoxic activity of different levels. In particular, the cultural filtrates of Penicillium sp. 10-51 and Aspergillus niveus 2411 suppressed the growth of seeds of Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus retroflexus and Capsella bursa pastoris. The cultural filtrate of Ulocladium consortiale 960 suppressed the growth of Panicum capillare and Setaria viridis. The greatest phytotoxic activity was shown by the cultural filtrates of Myrothecium cinctum 903 and 910, on the one hand, both of them suppressed the growth of seeds of E. virgata completely, but, on the other hand, they did not take any effect on the seeds of radish.
Subject(s)
Herbicides/pharmacology , Mitosporic Fungi/chemistry , Edible Grain/drug effects , Edible Grain/physiology , Herbicides/metabolism , Mitosporic Fungi/metabolism , Plant Weeds/drug effects , Plant Weeds/physiology , Seeds/drug effects , Seeds/physiology , Vegetables/drug effects , Vegetables/physiologyABSTRACT
Screening of 41 cultures of some researched strains of micromycetes by their antibiotic and phytotoxic activities in relation to different test-organisms--Gram-positive, Gram-negative, phytopathogenic bacteria, yeasts and green algae was conducted. The wide spectrum of antibiotic action was characterized for the cultures of Gliocladium catenulatum 2709, 3942 Penicillium vulpinum 3957, Ulocladium atrum 1889, U.consortiale 960, Trithirachium album 2673. A fungistatic activity was shown by only two strains U. consortiale 960 and Nectria inventa 3949. A small group consisted of cultures with high phytotoxic activity: P. vulpimum 3957, U. atrum 1889, U. consortiale 960, N. inventa 3949, Eupenicillium parvum 3128, Bipolaris sorokinia 4080, Paecilomyces lilacinus 1428, 1492, T. album 2673. They showed the activity in relation to the majority of test-cultures of the green algae. We consider two cultures: U. consortiale 960 and P. vulpinum 3957 to be the most promising for further researches, they differ by a wide spectrum of antibiotic and phytotoxic activity and were not studied before. The paper is presented in Ukrainian.
