ABSTRACT
Follicular lymphomas are the most common of the clinically indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The immunophenotypic pattern of follicular lymphoma classically demonstrates the B-cell markers CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79a, surface immunoglobulin and CD10. The tumour cells are usually negative for CD5. We described two cases of CD5-positive follicular lymphoma. This finding has rarely been described. Our aim was to discuss two cases of CD5-positive follicular lymphoma and review the published literature on the significance of CD5 expression. Bone marrow biopsies showing involvement with follicular lymphoma at our institution over the past 34 months were evaluated for the presence of CD5 positivity by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Two of eight cases (25%) of the follicular lymphomas with marrow involvement at our institution were found to be CD5-positive. Only 36 cases of CD5-positive follicular lymphoma have previously been described in the literature. The clinical and therapeutic significance of this remains uncertain. More research into such cases may establish whether the presence of this aberrant marker bears prognostic significance.
Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD5 Antigens/immunology , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , CD5 Antigens/metabolism , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Immunophenotyping , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology , Middle Aged , PrognosisABSTRACT
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal disease of children and adults. Cytokine dysfunction, uncontrolled accumulation of activated T-cells and histiocytes, and the inability to terminate the immune response lead to the clinical manifestations of extreme inflammation and end-organ damage. HLH is notoriously underreported because of its ability to mimic many other common diseases. Here, we outline two cases of HLH, one primary and the other secondary, to highlight some of the differences and to discuss therapeutic principles and emerging concepts.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Lymphoma, T-Cell , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Female , Histiocytes/pathology , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/blood , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/drug therapy , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/physiopathology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/complications , Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Rituximab , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Several antigens from the microfilarial stage of Wuchereria bancrofti have been identified using immunoblots of microfilarial antigens and screening with immune sera and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) sera. This analysis revealed an array of antigens with apparent molecular weights of 14kDa, 35kDa, 42kDa, 63kDa, 88kDa, 97kDa and 200kDa. Among these only the 14kDa and 42kDa antigens were consistently recognized by most of the immune sera. A 132kDa antigen was recognized only by TPE sera. Analysis of rabbit immune sera revealed that the 42kDa antigen was shared by two developmental stages of W. bancrofti, namely L3 and mF. This antigen could become a potential vaccine candidate. The 14kDa antigen seems specific for the microfilarial stage and therefore could be a diagnostic marker for active infection. The 132kDa antigen could aid in the diagnosis of TPE.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Helminth , Filariasis/diagnosis , Wuchereria bancrofti/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antibodies, Helminth/immunology , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Cross Reactions , Filariasis/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immune Sera , Immunization , Immunoblotting , Microfilariae/immunology , Molecular Weight , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/immunology , Rabbits , Vaccines/immunology , Wuchereria bancrofti/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Wuchereria bancrofti is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis in humans. Although it is responsible for this immensely morbid and debilitating disease, very little is known of the basic molecular biology of this parasite, and there is a vast lack of knowledge on its gene organisation. In this study, the actin gene of W. bancrofti has been characterised by sequencing a clone isolated from a genomic DNA library of this parasite. The 5' flanking region had a potential TATA box and a putative mRNA initiation site. The gene had five exons encoding 376 amino acids, and four introns ranging in size from 109 to 190bp. The 3' flanking region had a potential polyadenylation signal with the sequence ATTAAA which is a common natural variant of the conventional sequence AATAAA. The gene was AT-rich, with a GC content of 37.2%. Southern blot analysis of W. bancrofti genomic DNA indicated that the gene is possibly found as a single copy. The actin amino acid sequence of W. bancrofti showed a high degree of homology to the actin of many organisms of different taxonomic groups, but the highest homology was observed with the free-living nematode Plectus acuminatus. This suggests that P. acuminatus may bear a close evolutionary relationship to W. bancrofti.
