Apego materno-fetal, ansiedade e depressão em gestantes com gravidez normal e de risco: estudo comparativo / Maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, and depression in normal and high-risk pregnancies: A comparative study

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as possíveis diferenças nos comportamentos de apego materno-fetal, bem como nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão apresentados por gestantes com e sem risco na gravidez, durante o segundo trimestre gestacional. Participaram da pesquisa 25 mulheres com gravidez sem risco e 23 com gravidez de risco, sendo que quatro delas tiveram fetos malformados. A Escala de Apego Materno-fetal e os Inventários de Ansiedade e Depressão de Beck foram utilizados. Os resultados mostram que não há diferenças no nível de apego materno-fetal entre os dois grupos de gestantes, os quais apresentaram valores máximos. Os índices de ansiedade e depressão mostraram-se mais elevados, mas não estatisticamente significativos, entre as gestantes de risco, principalmente para aquelas que tinham suspeita de fetos malformados. Conclui-se que a gravidade da realidade vivida por essas mães implica em níveis mais elevados de ansiedade e depressão, porém, não impede a formação da relação de apego entre elas e seus filhos.(AU)

This study aimed to determine possible differences in the maternal-fetal attachment behavior and in the levels of anxiety and depression during the second trimester of pregnancy in women with or without pregnancy complications. Twenty-five women with normal, healthy pregnancy and 23 with high-risk pregnancy, among which there were 4 with malformed fetuses, participated in this study. The Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Depression Inventory were used. The results showed no differences in the levels of maternal-fetal attachment between the two groups of pregnant women investigated; both had maximum values. The anxiety and depression levels were higher, but not statistically significant, between the women with high-risk pregnancies, especially in those with suspected fetal malformation. It was concluded that the harsh reality faced by these mothers leads to higher levels of anxiety and depression; however, it does not prevent the development of attachment between them and their babies.(AU)

Apego materno-fetal, ansiedade e depressão em gestantes com gravidez normal e de risco: estudo comparativo / Maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, and depression in normal and high-risk pregnancies: a comparative study

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as possíveis diferenças nos comportamentos de apego materno-fetal, bem como nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão apresentados por gestantes com e sem risco na gravidez, durante o segundo trimestre gestacional. Participaram da pesquisa 25 mulheres com gravidez sem risco e 23 com gravidez de risco, sendo que quatro delas tiveram fetos malformados. A Escala de Apego Materno-fetal e os Inventários de Ansiedade e Depressão de Beck foram utilizados. Os resultados mostram que não há diferenças no nível de apego materno-fetal entre os dois grupos de gestantes, os quais apresentaram valores máximos. Os índices de ansiedade e depressão mostraram-se mais elevados, mas não estatisticamente significativos, entre as gestantes de risco, principalmente para aquelas que tinham suspeita de fetos malformados. Conclui-se que a gravidade da realidade vivida por essas mães implica em níveis mais elevados de ansiedade e depressão, porém, não impede a formação da relação de apego entre elas e seus filhos.

This study aimed to determine possible differences in the maternal-fetal attachment behavior and in the levels of anxiety and depression during the second trimester of pregnancy in women with or without pregnancy complications. Twenty-five women with normal, healthy pregnancy and 23 with high-risk pregnancy, among which there were 4 with malformed fetuses, participated in this study. The Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Depression Inventory were used. The results showed no differences in the levels of maternal-fetal attachment between the two groups of pregnant women investigated; both had maximum values. The anxiety and depression levels were higher, but not statistically significant, between the women with high-risk pregnancies, especially in those with suspected fetal malformation. It was concluded that the harsh reality faced by these mothers leads to higher levels of anxiety and depression; however, it does not prevent the development of attachment between them and their babies.

A qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência mental leve / Quality of life of people with mild intellectual disability

Não é prática comum dar voz a pessoas com deficiência, mesmo quando se trata da investigação de sua própria qualidade de vida. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a opinião de 15 adultos com deficiência mental leve em relação a sua qualidade de vida e a opinião de seus cuidadores também a esse respeito, por meio de um instrumento que avalia a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e comparados. Os resultados mostram que a diferença entre as avaliações foi pequena nas questões referentes à satisfação com os domínios físico, psicológico, das relações sociais e do meio ambiente. A avaliação feita pelas pessoas com deficiência foi apenas ligeiramente superior àquela feita por seus cuidadores. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as avaliações, do que se conclui que as pessoas com deficiência mental são capazes de falar de suas próprias vidas de maneira positiva e bastante realista.

People with intellectual disability are often neglected even though it is a question of their own quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to know the opinion of 15 adults with mild intellectual disability related to their quality of life and the opinion of their caregivers about it with an instrument that evaluates quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref). The data were statistically analyzed and compared. The results show that the difference between the evaluations was small in the questions concerning satisfaction with the physical, psychological, social relation and environment welfares. People with disability' evaluation was few higher than their caregiver's evaluation. There weren't significant statistics difference between evaluations, so that we conclude that the people with intellectual disability are able to talk about their own lives with an optimistic view and a very realistic way.

A qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência mental leve / Quality of life of people with mild intellectual disability

Não é prática comum dar voz a pessoas com deficiência, mesmo quando se trata da investigação de sua própria qualidade de vida. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a opinião de 15 adultos com deficiência mental leve em relação a sua qualidade de vida e a opinião de seus cuidadores também a esse respeito, por meio de um instrumento que avalia a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e comparados. Os resultados mostram que a diferença entre as avaliações foi pequena nas questões referentes à satisfação com os domínios físico, psicológico, das relações sociais e do meio ambiente. A avaliação feita pelas pessoas com deficiência foi apenas ligeiramente superior àquela feita por seus cuidadores. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as avaliações, do que se conclui que as pessoas com deficiência mental são capazes de falar de suas próprias vidas de maneira positiva e bastante realista.(AU)

People with intellectual disability are often neglected even though it is a question of their own quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to know the opinion of 15 adults with mild intellectual disability related to their quality of life and the opinion of their caregivers about it with an instrument that evaluates quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref). The data were statistically analyzed and compared. The results show that the difference between the evaluations was small in the questions concerning satisfaction with the physical, psychological, social relation and environment welfares. People with disability' evaluation was few higher than their caregiver's evaluation. There weren't significant statistics difference between evaluations, so that we conclude that the people with intellectual disability are able to talk about their own lives with an optimistic view and a very realistic way.(AU)

Breaking bad news: doctors' feelings and behaviors.

The announcement about the handicap of a child is communicated to parents by gynecologists or ultrasonographists, in the prenatal period. Often, these professionals are not prepared to communicate this news to the parents, and they have some limitations that lead them to act inappropriately. Therefore, the aims of this research were to identify and to describe the feelings of professionals facing this situation, and to examine their behaviors when they have to inform a couple about the child's anomaly. Ten gynecologists and ultrasonographists were interviewed: five were consultants in Public Health Services and five were private clinicians. Interviews were carried out with a semi-structured script. The results showed that, according to the participants, there is no specific moment, nor a standard behavior, that is most appropriate for making such an announcement. Yet the data show that all the participants feel hurt or frustrated when they must announce this phenomenon, becoming involved with the case. In conclusion, no graduate course has prepared them to deal with this deficiency. Suggestions are made concerning the graduate curriculum in order to improve the preparation of future doctors. A mental health professional is even necessary among the multidisciplinary team formed to deal with the pain produced in the moment of the announcement.

Breaking bad news: doctors’ feelings and behaviors

The announcement about the handicap of a child is communicated to parents by gynecologists or ultrasonographists, in the prenatal period. Often, these professionals are not prepared to communicate this news to the parents, and they have some limitations that lead them to act inappropriately. Therefore, the aims of this research were to identify and to describe the feelings of professionals facing this situation, and to examine their behaviors when they have to informa couple about the child’s anomaly. Ten gynecologists and ultrasonographists were interviewed:five were consultants in Public Health Services and five were private clinicians. Interviews were carried out with a semi-structured script. The results showed that, according to the participants, there is no specific moment, nor a standard behavior, that is most appropriate for making such an announcement. Yet the data show that all the participants feel hurt or frustrated when they must announce this phenomenon, becoming involved with the case. In conclusion, no graduate course has prepared them to deal with this deficiency. Suggestions are made concerning the graduate curriculum in order to improve the preparation of future doctors. A mental health professional is even necessary among the multidisciplinary team formed to deal with the pain produced in the moment of the announcement (AU)

Los ginecólogos o los ultrasonógrafos son los profesionales que deben comunicar a los padres la noticia de la discapacidad de su hijo, en el período prenatal. A menudo, estos profesionales no están preparados para comunicar este suceso a los padres y tienen algunas limitaciones que les llevan a actuar de forma inapropiada. Por ello, los objetivos de esta investigación eran identificar y describir las emociones de los profesionales que afrontan esta situación y conocer sus comportamientos cuando tienen que informar a una pareja de la anomalía de su hijo. Se entrevistaron a 10 ginecólogos y 10 ultrasonógrafos: 5 trabajaban en los Servicios de la Salud Pública y 5 eran clínicos privados. Las entrevistas eran semi-estructuradas. Los resultados muestran que, según los participantes, no hay un momento específico, ni un comportamiento estándar que sea el más apropiado para semejante situación. Sin embargo, los datos muestran que todos los participantes se sintieron dolidos o frustrados cuando tuvieron que informar de este fenómeno, y se involucraron en el caso. Concluyendo, no ha hay ningún curso de la licenciatura que los haya preparado para afrontar esta deficiencia. Se hacen algunas sugerencias acerca del currículo de licenciatura para mejorar la preparación de los futuros médicos. Incluso se necesita un procesional de la salud mental en los equipos multidisciplinarios que se forman para afrontar el dolor que se produce en el momento de semejante noticia (AU)