[performance evaluation of the programs aimed at myocardial infraction prevention by relevant mortality rates].

BACKGROUND: Despite implemented measures and general favourable trend, number of patients with myocardial infarction remains high, younger people are increasingly becoming ill and dying. The study purpose: to estimate age-sex mortality dynamics from acute and recurrent myocardial infarction in adults in Moscow compared to Russia's average in 2007-2021 to reveal patterns of mortality change within the implementation period of state prevention programs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standardized adult mortality rates for Moscow and Russia, mean expected age at death within interval 20-85 years and gain in life expectancy when eliminating this cause calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: Moscow morbidity rates for acute and recurrent myocardial infarction are twice lower than Russia's, there are higher reduction rates for both diseases - by 16% and 58% respectively. During study period, mortality from myocardial infarction in men was by 45% higher than in women. In 2007 Moscow male-female difference estimated 3% and in 15 years it became 32% due to faster female mortality reduction. Whereas Russia's average age of death from myocardial infarction in 2021 returned to 2010-2011 levels, then in Moscow during 2020-2021 female rates returned to 2008's and male rates fall out the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Since implementation of the first programs on reducing mortality from chronic non-infectious diseases during the 15 years period morbidity and mortality rates from myocardial infarction reduced in Russia and Moscow in all ages. Acute and recurrent myocardial infarction have rejuvenated both in men and women as a negative effect of the pandemic.

[MORTALITY OF THE ADULT POPULATION OF MOSCOW AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FROM OBESITY-ASSOCIATED CAUSES].

BACKGROUND: Currently, obesity is considered one of the most significant health problems, representing a common chronic disease leading to the development of severe comorbidities, accompanied by the loss of disability-adjusted life years and high mortality. Due to the fact that obesity is one of the leading risk factors for a number of non-communicable diseases, such as diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the endocrine system and malignant neoplasms. AIMS: assessment of adult mortality dynamics from obesity-associated causes in Moscow compared to the Russian Federation in 2011-2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: data from the analytic package FAISS (internal use program): standardized mortality rates for population of Moscow and the Russian Federation as a whole. RESULTS: Over the 10-year period under study, mortality in the class of diseases of the circulatory system and malignant neoplasms was decreasing, while mortality from diseases of the endocrine system was increasing. Adult mortality from the diseases of the circulatory system in Moscow reduced by 12%, in the Russian Federation - by 25%. It should be noted, that mortality rate in Moscow (302.5 per 100,000) is significantly (by 34%) lower than in Russia (460.3), at the same time, the rate of mortality reduction over a 10-year period is equal and amounts to 23-25%. Myocardial infarction is the most serious obesity-associated disease characterized by high mortality in the class of the diseases of the circulatory system, it has a declining trend in Moscow and in the Russian Federation as a whole. Adult mortality from the diseases of the endocrine system in Moscow increased by 3 times, and in the Russian Federation - by almost 5 times, while the annual increase during the first year of the pandemic was 88% in Moscow and 24% in Russia. In Moscow, more than a half (66%) of deaths from endocrine causes belongs to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in the Russian Federation - about 80%. Compared to the Russia's average, in Moscow mortality rates from neoplasms are lower by 8%, but at the same time, the decline happens at a similar rate (11-12%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Moscow demonstrates slowdown of growth of mortality rates from obesity-associated diseases compared to the Russian Federation, which could have been positively affected by prevention programs of noncommunicable diseases and promotion of healthy lifestyles.

[The trends in primary morbidity of adult population of the Russian population during implementation of state programs].

The article presents the results of analysis of indices of primary morbidity of adult population in the Russian Federation during implementation of state programs. The purpose of the study was to study the dynamics of indices of primary morbidity of adult population of Federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation in 2006-2011 and 2012-2018. The analysis established the subjects of the Russian Federation where the mentioned indices factually remained unchanged or had negative dynamics. Also, the periods of health care reform with positive dynamics of indices of primary morbidity were determined. Besides, reforming process was not always systematic and not all planned tasks were completed that , resulted in significant discrepancies in values of indices of primary morbidity among particular subjects of the Russian Federation. This kind of analysis permits to identify specific directions of improving regional policy in health care.

[The trends of population general morbidity in the subjects of the Central Federal Okrug of the Russian Federation].

The article presents the results of analysis of indices of total morbidity of population of the Central Federal Okrug (CFD) of the Russian Federation in 2010-2017. The significant differences in indices of total morbidity between the CFD subjects in certain ICD-10 classes were established. The indices of total morbidity of population during study period (8 years) in the Central Federal District factually didn't altered, while dynamics of indices in other subjects was characterized by multidirectionality. The gap in levels of total morbidity of population in the subjects was significant: from 115,123.6 per 100,000 of population in the Kursk Oblast to 194,404.1 per 100,000 of population in the Orel Oblast. The significant difference in rates of increase/ decrease of indices is noted. Thus, in Moscow decrease rate made up to 10%, while in the Orel Oblast morbidity increased up to 13.1%. Besides, in 2017, the Orel Region took a leadership in rate of increasing of total morbidity in such classes of diseases as infectious and parasitic diseases (39.3%), diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (49.1%), diseases of endocrine system (59,1%), diseases of nervous system (26.8%), diseases of respiratory system (28.2%), diseases of musculoskeletal system (16%), malformations (56%). It is very likely that this trend developed under influence of demographic situation in the subject due to significant increasing of percentage of people older than able-bodied age. The city of Moscow occupies leading position in decreasing of rate of prevalence of diseases and last but one place in level of total morbidity being inferior only to the Kursk Oblast. Thus, in Moscow was noted the most significant decreasing of morbidity in classes of infectious and parasitic diseases (26%) and diseases of digestive system (20.6%). The diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (235.2 per 100,000 population) and mental disorders (2353.5 per 100,000 population) were registered the less. The main contribution into trends of increasing or decreasing of indices is made by persons aged 18 years and older (74.1%).

[The main trends in primary morbidity of population in the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2008-2017].

The analysis of primary morbidity is the most important indicator of detection of population health in every single subject of the Russian Federation in whole Russia. This approach also permits to monitor impact of economic and social processes on the national level. The article presents analysis of primary morbidity in the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2008-2017. The trends are established, the rates of increase and decrease of primary morbidity in every particular subject of the Russian Federation are calculated. The subjects with significant increase of particular classes of diseases according ICD-10 were identified. During last decade, the indices of primary morbidity increased on the whole up to 0.9%. The decrease was registered only in the Central and Privolzhskiy Federal Okrugs (4.3% and -1.6% correspondingly. In the rest of Federal Okrugs increase was registered. The highest level of primary morbidity was registered in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the lowest level in the Kabarda-Balkar Republic. Ib 2017, the Altai Kray became a leader in registration of primary morbidity of neoplasms and diseases of endocrine system and the Pensa oblast took the lead in registration of primary morbidity of diseases of cardiovascular system. In 2017, the highest level of morbidity of diseases of respiratory system was registered in the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug and of diseases of ear and mastoid bone in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania. The increase of morbidity in the mentioned classes of diseases in the particular subjects of the Russian Federation requires consideration of leading specialists and corresponding development of measures concerning morbidity stabilizing.

[Cell cultured of Macleaya cordata--a producer of antimicrobial benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids]. / Kul'tura kletok maklei serdtsevidno i--produtsent antimikrobnykh benzo[c]fenantridinovykh alkaloidov.

It was shown that a suspension culture of Macleaya cordata accumulated benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids in the cell biomass. By the composition of the alkaloids and their content the cell culture markedly differed from the intact plant and callus tissue. The benzo(c)phenanthridine compounds in the cell culture were mainly represented by the reduced forms: dihydrosanquinarin and dihydrochelirubin. In the green plant they were mainly represented by the oxidized forms: sanquinarin and chelerithrin. The cell culture practically contained no chelerithrin characteristic of the intact plant.

Studies of the UV-sensitivity of virus-specific RNA synthesis in cells infected or transformed by adenovirus 5 and SV 40.

The effect of UV-irradiation on host and virus-specific RNA synthesis in cells infected or transformed by tumor viruses (Ad 5 and SV 40) was studied. It was found that the synthesis of host and Ad 5 RNA in infected KB cells was almost euqally inhibited upon UV-irradiation; the transcription of the EcoRI produced fragements--fragment B was inhibited to a greater extent than fragment A, suggesting that the transcription of the whole Ad 5 genome starts from the left side. The transcription of viral sequences in transformed cells, on the other hand, was more resistant to UV-irradiation than the transcription of the host ones. The results obtained suggest that the small size of the virus transcriptions, or their location at the beginning of large host transcriptions, may be responsible for the observed data.