SPECIFICS OF PRESCRIBING ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION.

HIV infection is one of the most acute problems of our time, characterized by slow development, prolonged course, and numerous clinical manifestations. Currently, there is a large number of drugs acting on different processes of human immunodeficiency virus replication, which constitute the group of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This article shows a theoretical review of modern HAART and analyzes the prescribed treatment regimens for patients with HIV infection. The study revealed two most common combinations: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + protease inhibitors; nucleoside + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

[Gas in superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis as a rare CT-sign of extensive bowel necrosis]. / Gaz v verkhnei bryzheechnoi arterii i chrevnom stvole kak redkii KT-priznak obshirnogo nekroza kishechnika.

The authors report endovascular treatment of acute thromboembolic occlusion of superior mesenteric artery in a 75-year-old patient whose postoperative period was complicated by massive reperfusion and translocation syndrome. Contrast-enhanced CT in 12 hours after successful thrombectomy from superior mesenteric artery revealed CT signs of irreversible bowel lesion, i.e. gas in hepatic veins, intestinal wall and mesenteric veins, bowel wall thinning. In addition, CT revealed extremely rare sign of severe acute mesenteric ischemia (gas in superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis). We found no description of gas in celiac axis following acute mesenteric ischemia in available literature.

[Impact of dehelminthization on pancreatic incretory and excretory functions in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis].

A hundred and thirty patients, including 60 patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, 40 with psoriasis without helminthiasis, and 30 with chronic opisthorchiasis, and 15 healthy individuals were examined. To evaluate the pancreas, its incretory and excretory functions were studied. In patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, the pancreatic level of hormones and enzymes was significantly lower than those in patients with psoriasis without helminthiasis. Twelve months after dehelminthization, a follow-up of the parameters of the incretory function revealed their significant increase in 43 patients. Following dehelminthization, the excretory function in terms of amylase and lipase was significantly greater than that before dehelminthization. By taking into account steatorrhea, pancreatic excretory dysfunction showed significantly less fecal fat losses after a course of anthelminthic therapy. Malabsorption diminished in patients after anthelminthic therapy, as confirmed by increased urinary D-xylose excretion. Pancreatic proteolytic activity improved after dehelminthization, as supported by a significant increase in urinary PABA excretion. No improvement was observed in patients receiving no anthelminthic therapy; on the contrary, deterioration was established in half of them. Therefore, a year after dehelminthization, helminthological cure in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis causes a significant improvement in pancreatic incretory and excretory functions and promotes regression of psoriatic manifestation.

[Disturbances of the incretory and excretory pancreatic functions in patients suffering from psoriasis in combination with chronic opisthorchosis].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the incretory and excretory functions of the pancreas in patients suffering from psoriasis in combination with chronic opisthorchosis (CO). The subjects were 30 patients with psoriasis and CO, 20 patients with psoriasis without helminthiasis, 20 patients with CO, and 12 healthy individuals. The incretory pancreatic function was studied by measuring serum levels of pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide) using radioimmunoassay with standard sets; the excretory function was studied by means of measuring serum levels of pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) using a biochemical technique. Proteolytic capacity was evaluated using PABA test (per cent of the renal excretion of paraminobenzoic acid); amylolytic capacity was evaluated using coprogram results. The study revealed disturbances in the incretory and excretory functions of the pancreas in patients suffering from psoriasis or psoriasis with CO. The latter subgroup had more prominent disturbances.

[The clinical and functional status of the pancreas in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis].

Seventy patents including 30 with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, 20 with psoriasis without opisthorchiasis, and 20 with chronic opisthorchiasis, were examined. Structural changes in the pancreas and its endocrine and exocrine functions were evaluated. Patients with psoriasis alone or in combination with chronic opisthorchiasis were found to have signs of pancreatic lesion with its impaired endocrine and exocrine functions. These impairments are more pronounced in the group of patients with mixed pathology.