ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Refixation of the damaged acetabular labrum is a method of surgical treatment of the hip joint that can promote the repair of joint function after injury and prevent premature osteoarthritis. We sought to determine the condition of the hip joint in rabbits 4 months after excision of the acetabular labrum and the condition of the joint after labral refixation. The articular cartilage of the femoral head and acetabulum was examined by histological methods, multipoint measurement of cartilage thickness, and the ratio between cartilage matrix and chondrocytes lacunae, and the condition of cartilage according to the OARSI grading scale was carried out. On this model, a correlation analysis was performed between the results of the OARSI grading scale and the data of linear morphometry. All these parameters made it possible to better assess changes in articular cartilage. The ratio between matrix and chondrocyte lacunae turned out to be a method that allows establishing early cartilage damage when erosion, fibrosis or deformation did not occur. We found significant differences between the condition of the cartilage after exicion of acetabular labrum and after labral refixation, which give hope to confirm that this surgical technique can delay or prevent progressive changes in the cartilage of the damaged hip joint.
La refijación del labrum acetabular dañado es un método de tratamiento quirúrgico de la articulación coxal, que puede promover la reparación de la función articular después de una lesión y prevenir la osteoartritis prematura. Intentamos determinar el estado de la articulación coxal en conejos de 4 meses después de la escisión del labrum acetabular y observar el estado de la articulación después de la refijación del labrum. El cartílago articular de la cabeza femoral y el acetábulo se examinó por métodos histológicos, se midió a través de multipunto el grosor del cartílago y se realizó la relación entre la matriz del cartílago y las lagunas de condrocitos, y se llevó a cabo la condición del cartílago según la escala de clasificación OARSI. Sobre este modelo se realizó un análisis de correlación entre los resultados de la escala de calificación OARSI y los datos de la morfometría lineal. Todos estos parámetros permitieron evaluar mejor los cambios en el cartílago articular. La relación entre la matriz y las lagunas de condrocitos resultó ser un método que permite establecer temprano el daño del cartílago cuando no se presentó erosión, fibrosis o deformación. Encontramos diferencias significativas entre la condición del cartílago después de la extirpación del labrum acetabular y después de la refijación del labrum, lo que da la esperanza de confirmar que esta técnica quirúrgica puede retrasar o prevenir cambios progresivos en el cartílago de la articulación coxal dañada.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Cartilage, Articular , Femur Head , Hip Joint , Acetabulum/surgeryABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The studies of the properties of vascular structures and tissues during electric welding, in particular direct morphological changes in the blood vessel walls in the areas of welding processes, are of interest. Perforating veins, femoral veins, abdominal aorta, vena cava and porcine perforating veins of the limbs were used in this study. We performed end-to-end electric welding of the aorta, venous end-to-side electric welding, vein end-to-artery side arterial and venous welding, venous end-to-end electric welding, as well as arterial and venous lumen sealing.The results of histological studies showed the formation of a coagulated acellular protein matrix, represented by unorganized denatured protein fibrous structures. In the area of vascular tissue coagulation, lacunes were formed as a result of water evaporation from the biological tissue. In the perifocal area of the welded junction, cell reduction occurred without necrosis or charring. The data obtained confirm the safety of high frequency electric welding of the main vessels and the prospectfor clinical use of the studied techniques.
RESUMEN: Los estudios de las propiedades de las estructuras y tejidos vasculares durante la soldadura eléctrica son relevantes, en particular los cambios morfológicos directos en las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos en las áreas de los procesos de soldadura. En este estudio se utilizaron venas perforantes, venas femorales, parte abdominal de la aorta, vena cava y venas perforantes porcinas de los miembros. Realizamos soldadura eléctrica de extremo a extremo de la parte abdominal de la aorta, soldadura eléctrica de extremo a lado venosa, soldadura arterial y venosa de extremo a arteria del lado venoso, soldadura eléctrica de extremo a extremo venoso, así como lumen arterial y venoso. Los resultados de los estudios histológicos mostraron la formación de una matriz de proteína acelular coagulada, representada por estructuras fibrosas de proteínas desnaturalizadas no organizadas. Se formaron lagunas como resultado de la evaporación del agua del tejido biológico en el área de la coagulación del tejido vascular, En el área perifocal de la unión soldada, la reducción celular ocurrió sin necrosis ni carbonización. Los datos obtenidos confirman la seguridad de la soldadura eléctrica de alta frecuencia de los vasos principales y la perspectiva de uso clínico de estas técnicas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Electrosurgery/methods , Swine , Blood Coagulation , Blood Vessels/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Reinnervation of skeletal muscles, wich occurs in time, is considered a factor in preventing muscle atrophy and potentially successful functional recovery. Morphometry of denervated muscles makes it possible to assess the dynamics of muscle atrophy after various methods of repairing of a damaged peripheral nerve. The aim - evaluate histological changes and morphometry of m. gastrocnemius in rats after complete neurotomy and nerve repair techniques. In rats the sciatic nerve was crossed and sutured with 4 epineural sutures, 2 sutures with DuraSeal, and 2 sutures with Tisseel. On the 14th, 30th, and 60th day histological changes of m.gastrocnemius were examined and morphometry was performed based on two parameters: muscle fiber diameter and collagen density. Skeletal muscles morphometry was performed after sciatic nerve neurotomy and subsequent microsurgical repair. Muscle fiber wasting was already detected on the 14th day after epineural suture with DuraSeal, and in the Tisseel group - on the 30th day after sciatic nerve damage. The average diameter of muscle fibers in the DuraSeal group increased significantly by the day 60 due to the appearance of hypertrophied fibers. In areas of wasting, connective tissue density increased, which did not change quantitatively during the experiment, while the use of DuraSeal and Tisseel delayed the development of fibrosis for up to the 30th day. Application of DuraSeal and Tisseel with epineural suture delays the development of fibrosis and wasting in denervated muscles during the reinnervation period.
Subject(s)
Nerve Regeneration , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Humans , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/surgery , Muscular Atrophy/etiology , Muscular Atrophy/pathology , Sciatic Nerve/surgeryABSTRACT
The article describes the results of studying the changes in peripheral nerves of a limb after a mechanically induced ischemia. It assessed myelinated nerve fibers in sciatic and tibial nerves after 6 hours of ischemia, simulated by a tourniquet on the level of a tibial, knee, and a lower third of a femur. Fasciculi of the sciatic nerve have shown no changes in the density of nerve fibers in 5th, 15th, and 30th days after the simulated ischemia, but we revealed the deformed fibers with the different thickness of myelin sheath. In a tibial nerve, myelin loss and deformations occurred on the 5th and 15th day, and atrophy of nerve fibers - on the 15th and 30th days. Neurolemmocytes of the injured myelin nerve fibers demonstrate the signs of dystrophic processes and autophagy. After the insertion of platelet-rich plasma, concentrated bone marrow aspirate, and homogenized adipose tissue in the ischemically damaged muscles, not a significant difference appeared between the extent of damage to the nerve. Consequently, the structural signs of the damage to peripheral nerves depend more on the level of injury to a limb than on therapy with autologous cellular technologies.
Subject(s)
Peripheral Vascular Diseases , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Humans , Ischemia , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated , Peripheral Nerves , Sciatic NerveABSTRACT
The article presents the results of an experimental study on the knee joint structural changes and morphometric evaluation of articular cartilage with the injections of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). Cartilage defect, anterior cruciate ligament intersection and medial meniscus resection were performed for the induction of osteoarthritis in rabbits. After 28 days, 0.9% NaCl, PRP or BMAC was administered intra-articularly; 0.9% NaCl or PRP was injected intra-articularly within 14 days. After 2 months, histological and morphometric examination of the epiphyseal surface of the femur and tibia was performed. Animal models showed identical diameter of epiphyseal cartilage defect, chondrocyte reduction (by 55.1%), reduction of perifocal articular surface thickness (by 53.2%) and relative bone density of epiphysis (by 44.3%). Modeling of the joint defect was not limited to the area of damage and caused degenerative changes of the articular cartilage of the tibia. Statistical analysis showed that the introduction of PRP had no preventive effect on the degenerative changes in the articular surface. In the BMAC group, the thickness of the hyaline cartilage of the tibia was found to be 23.1% (P<0.05) greater compared with the 0.9% NaCl group and the double PRP group. However, the relative density of subchondral bone tissue in the experimental groups with osteoarthritis had no differences.
Subject(s)
Cartilage Diseases , Osteoarthritis, Knee , Osteoarthritis , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Animals , Bone Marrow , Knee Joint , RabbitsABSTRACT
Mechanical damage to the peripheral nerve is a fairly common type of injury, which is characterized by a complex of long-term neurological disorders and require significant financial costs. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of sciatic nerve (SN) regeneration after neuroraphy using epineural suture (ES), polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG), and fibrin glue (FG). The studies were carried out on 30 white outbred male rats, which were divided into six experimental groups: Group â1: intact rats; Group â2: Sham operated; Group â3: complete transection of the SN; Group â4: nerve repair with ES; Group â5: nerve repair with PEG; Group â6: nerve repair with FG. Functional recovery was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4 postoperative weeks using a walking-track analysis with subsequent determination of the sciatic nerve functional index (SFI). At 4 weeks, electroneuromyography, histological and morphometric analyzes were performed. The combined analysis indicated that PEG significantly improved functional recovery, both in the SFI index and in the skeletal muscle M-response. Compared to ES and PEG, the use of FG was reflected in a lower significance of the indicators compared to PEG. Statistical analysis indicates a positive effect of PEG and FG on nerve regeneration, although significantly greater remyelination (analysis based on fiber diameter) was confirmed only in the PEG group, which explains the faster functional recovery of the limb. PEG in the form of a hydrogel is a more promising agent in microsurgical restoration of damaged nerves as an adhesive, it promotes rapid nerve regeneration, denervated muscle re-innervation and functional limb recovery.
Subject(s)
Fibrin Tissue Adhesive , Sciatic Nerve , Hydrogels , Male , Polyethylene Glycols , Sciatic Nerve/surgery , SuturesABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to assess the dependence of blood biochemical parameters with the degree of osteoarthritis of the knee joint and therapy. In experiments, osteoarthritis was simulated in rabbits (n=25) and after 75 days changes in the level of peroxidation products, activity of leukocyte enzymes were studied and the results were compared with the degree of knee joint injury, as well as taking into account the application of a concentrate of bone marrow aspirate, mechanically homogenized adipose tissue and platelet rich plasma. Analysis of the results confirmed the assumption of a direct relationship between the level of peroxidation products (diene conjugates, TBA-reactive products, products of oxidative modification of proteins), ceruloplasmin, and proinflammatory activity of leukocytes (by the activity of elastase and myeloperoxidase) with the level of morphological changes in the articular cartilage, capsule and meniscus of the knee joint. Based on histological analysis, it was concluded that the application of a concentrate of bone marrow aspirate and homogenized adipose tissue activated the processes of reorganization and regeneration of the synovial membrane and menisci of the joint, which correlated with the indicators of myeloperoxidase activity, the level of TBA-reactive products and ceruloplasmin. The action of platelet rich plasma was characterized by a correlation between leukocyte enzymes and lipid and protein oxidation products in blood serum. The results of the study suggest that the bone marrow aspirate concentrate has a greater therapeutic potential compaired to the platelet rich plasma and cell suspension obtained from adipose tissue.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular , Osteoarthritis, Knee , Osteoarthritis , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Animals , Knee Joint , Leukocytes , RabbitsABSTRACT
The work aims at studying the effect of the autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate on regeneration of the sciatic nerve and atrophy of m. tibialis cranialis. We have simulated autografting of the sciatic nerve in rabbits with application of bone marrow aspirate concentrate around the graft area. We obtained autologous aspirate (2mL) from the proximal part of the femur, added dextrosecitrate (1:8), centrifuged it, and added 0.1 of bovine thrombine to 1.0 mL of supraerythrocytic fraction to obtain gel. On days 30 and 90 we assessed the rate of the sciatic nervere generation and morphological changes of the m.tibialis cranialis as well as the content of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins (TBA-active products, diene conjugates and carbonyl groups, respectively) and activity of antioxidant enzymatic system (catalase, glutathion peroxidase, glutathione reductase) in this muscle. Evaluation of the nerve fibers regeneration through the sciatic nerve graft 1 cm long showed that 16.0% of them had regenerated into the graft by day 30 and 60.3% by day 90, with 34.7% having regenerated into the distal stump. Application of bone marrow aspirate concentrate had significantly increased regeneration by day 30, amounting to 31.9% in the graft and up to 8.7% in the distal stump and up to 68.0% and 60.1% by day 90 respectively. Prolonged nerve regeneration resulted in progressive muscle atrophy, with decrease of muscular fibers content up to 68.2% and 27.8%. In the group with aspirate concentrate hypothrophy was delayed (% of muscle fibers being 82.8% and57.2%). The content of peroxidation products has dramatically increased by day 30 and has decreased by day 90 with activation of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes (with catalase activity being significantly high in all the terms).We have also observed decreased oxidative modification of lipids and proteins in the aspirate concentrate group, with additional increase of glutathione peroxidase activity demonstrating the supportive effect of the aspirate cells.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow , Nerve Regeneration , Sciatic Nerve , Animals , Cattle , Glutathione Peroxidase , Rabbits , Sciatic Nerve/transplantation , Transplantation, AutologousABSTRACT
The processes of developed in CNS the complicated stroke and developments of fittings for their pharmaceutical therapy were developed and offering by standardized method of the experimental secondary stroke in rats, suitable for the use in sharp and chronic researches. Variant of repeated hemorrhagic stroke consist of autohemorrhagic right hemisphere stroke by the mechanical damage of brain tissue after 10-daily occlusion of right common carotid artery was studied. A model is comfortable for reproducing of the repeated standardized local damage of brain, is more adequate form of design of transient and chronic cerebrovascular pathology, than the independent use of local hemorrhage of autoblood in the brain of animals. The morphological description of model approaches the clinical variants of development and flow of sharp hemorrhagic stroke after a previous chronic cerebral insufficiency on an ischemic type.
