Dynamics of Fattening and Thinning 2D Sessile Droplets.

We investigate the dynamics of a droplet on a planar substrate as the droplet volume changes dynamically due to liquid being pumped in or out through a pore. We adopt a diffuse-interface formulation which is appropriately modified to account for a localized inflow-outflow boundary condition (the pore) at the bottom of the droplet, hence allowing to dynamically control its volume, as the droplet moves on a flat substrate with a periodic chemical pattern. We find that the droplet undergoes a stick-slip motion as the volume is increased (fattening droplet) which can be monitored by tracking the droplet contact points. If we then switch over to outflow conditions (thinning droplet), the droplet follows a different path (i.e., the distance of the droplet midpoint from the pore location evolves differently), giving rise to a hysteretic behavior. By means of geometrical arguments, we are able to theoretically construct the full bifurcation diagram of the droplet equilibria (positions and droplet shapes) as the droplet volume is changed, finding excellent agreement with time-dependent computations of our diffuse-interface model.

Density functional study of condensation in capped capillaries.

We study liquid adsorption in narrow rectangular capped capillaries formed by capping two parallel planar walls (a slit pore) with a third wall orthogonal to the two planar walls. The most important transition in confined fluids is arguably condensation, where the pore becomes filled with the liquid phase which is metastable in the bulk. Depending on the temperature T, the condensation in capped capillaries can be first-order (at T≤Tcw) or continuous (at T>Tcw), where Tcw is the capillary wetting temperature. At T>Tcw, the capping wall can adsorb mesoscopic amounts of metastable under-condensed liquid. The onset of condensation is then manifested by the continuous unbinding of the interface between the liquid adsorbed on the capping wall and the gas filling the rest of the capillary volume. In wide capped capillaries there may be a remnant of wedge filling transition, which is manifested by the adsorption of liquid drops in the corners. Our classical statistical mechanical treatment predicts a possibility of three-phase coexistence between gas, corner drops and liquid slabs adsorbed on the capping wall. In sufficiently wide capillaries we find that thick prewetting films of finite length may be nucleated at the capping wall below the boundary of the prewetting transition. Prewetting then proceeds in a continuous manner manifested by the unbinding interface between the thick and thin films adsorbed on the side walls. Our analysis is based on a detailed numerical investigation of the density functional theory for the fluid equilibria for a number of illustrative case studies.

[The main principles of concept of development of palliative care to children and adolescents].

The article substantiates actuality of elaboration of the concept of development of palliative care of children and adolescents. The analysis of legislative and normative legal base, international documents, scientific studies related to this issue are analyzed. The situation in the regions ofthe Russian Federation is examined concerning organization of palliative care of children and its forms, provision of pharmaceuticals and specialized equipment and professional training of specialists. The demand of children population in palliative care in Russia is calculated according data of 2012. The results of carried out study are used as a basis of determining measures of development of system of palliative care of children and adolescents in the Russian Federation to propose as a foundation for the National concept as a necessary condition for organization of effective and efficient service.

[The increase of non-cancerous thyroid tissue in children and adolescents operated for papillary thyroid cancer: related factors].

Comparison of intact thyroid tissue in children and adolescents operated for papillary thyroid carcinoma, with the reference values established for this age group, found that half of the operated patients had this amount exceeded the upper limit of age and gender norms. In multivariate assessment an exceed of the upper limit of norm was associated with a younger age (under 11 years), living in areas with moderate iodine deficiency, radiogenic history, the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, variant of tumor growth and the degree of intratumoral fibrosis.

Unification of dynamic density functional theory for colloidal fluids to include inertia and hydrodynamic interactions: derivation and numerical experiments.

Starting from the Kramers equation for the phase-space dynamics of the N-body probability distribution, we derive a dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) for colloidal fluids including the effects of inertia and hydrodynamic interactions (HI). We compare the resulting theory to extensive Langevin dynamics simulations for both hard rod systems and three-dimensional hard sphere systems with radially symmetric external potentials. As well as demonstrating the accuracy of the new DDFT, by comparing with previous DDFTs which neglect inertia, HI, or both, we also scrutinize the significance of including these effects. Close to local equilibrium we derive a continuum equation from the microscopic dynamics which is a generalized Navier-Stokes-like equation with additional non-local terms governing the effects of HI. For the overdamped limit we recover analogues of existing configuration-space DDFTs but with a novel diffusion tensor.

[Organ-sparing surgery for nephroblastoma in children].

We present the results of 53 stage I-III nephroblastoma pediatric patients treated in Belarusia from 2005 to 2010. All the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (according to SIOP WT 2001 protocol), surgery (complete or partial nephrectomy) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The prolonged adjuvant chemotherapy was proposed in patients with good response as a cytoreductive measure enabling organ-sparing surgery. Five-year event-free survival was 91+/-6% in complete and 89+/-9% in partial nephrectomy recipients (p=0,64). Our experience suggest the feasibility of prolonged adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with good clinical response and no contraindications for complete nephrectomy.

[Cryptogenic and iatrogenic papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescences: comparative study].

The clinico-morphological investigations of 117 children and adolescences with papillary thyroid carcinoma, surgically treated in the Republic Centre for Thyroid Tumors, Minsk, Belarus in 1995-2009 and dutifully followed-up have been studied. Ninety -five observations of all cases were sporadic, but 22 patients had been treated earlier from other neoplasm (Hodgkin's diseases, malignant lymphoma, leukemia, sarcoma, medulloblastoma). Epidemiologic, clinical and pathological peculiarities of thyroid carcinoma in Belarus were analyzed. A number of features distinguished "cryptogenic" and "iatrogenic" papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents were found out.

[Treatment results of neuroblastoma in children in the Republic of Belarus].

Our investigation was concerned with effectiveness of infantile neuroblastoma treatment in Belarus and dependence of prognosis on extent of radical surgery. The study involved 115 patients with morphologically confirmed diagnosis of primary tumor who were treated at the Center (1997-2007). Ten-year overall and relapse-free survival rates for favorable prognosis, stage I, II, III, were 1.00 and 0.94 +/- 0.04, respectively. They were significantly higher than those for intermediate (0.70 +/- 0.09 and 0.61 +/- 0.09) or high risk (0.32 +/- 0.08 and 0.27 +/- 0.08), respectively, (p < or = 0.01). The results for radical local surgery were better: 5-year relapse-free survival--0.82 +/- 0.09 as compared with subtotal excision (0.62 +/- 0.12) and biopsy (0.5 +/- 0.25) among patients older than 12 months. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was followed by significant improvement: 6-year overall and relapse-free survival (stage IV) (0.5 +/- 0.12 and 0.38 +/- 0.12, respectively) as compared those without ASCT (0.12 +/- 0.08 and 0.1 +/- 0.08), respectively, (p < or = 0.01). The main cause of death after ASCT was relapse. Poor results following post-ASCT treatment of stage IV tumor should be improved by more effective detection and removal of tumor cell harvest.

[Role of three-color flow cytofluorometry in the algorithm for detection of minimal residual disease in children with acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloblastic leukemia].

Three-color flow cytofluorometry (FCF) was used to identify minimal residual disease in 124 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated in accordance with the ALL-myeloblastic leukemia (MBL)-2002/2008 protocol and 36 patients with MBL treated under the MBL-MM-2000 protocol. It was shown that approximately a fifth of children with ALL, 3-color FCF could not monitor minimal residual disease, which required the use of 4- or more-color FCF and parallel determination in these MBL samples by molecular genetic methods. An algorithm of study of MBL by FCF, by additionally using molecular genetic methods, is presented.

In situ arthrodesis with lateral-wall ostectomy for the sequelae of fracture of the os calcis.

Distraction bone-block arthrodesis has been advocated for the treatment of the late sequelae of fracture of the os calcis. Between 1997 and 2003 we studied a consecutive series of 17 patients who had in situ arthrodesis for subtalar arthritis after fracture of the os calcis with marked loss of talocalcaneal height. None had undergone any previous attempts at reconstruction. We assessed the range of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and measured the talocalcaneal height, talocalcaneal angle and talar declination angle on standing lateral radiographs, comparing them with the normal foot. The mean follow-up was for 78.7 months (48 to 94). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score improved from 29.8 (13 to 48) to 77.8 (48 to 94) (Student's t-test, p < 0.001). The mean loss of talocalcaneal height was 10.3 mm (2 to 17) and the mean talar declination angle was 6.7 degrees (0 degrees to 16 degrees) which was 36% of the normal side. One patient suffered anterior ankle pain but none had anterior impingement. Two patients complained of difficulty in ascending slopes and stairs and four in descending. The mean ankle dorsiflexion on the arthrodesed side was 11.6 degrees (0 degrees to 24 degrees) compared with 14.7 degrees (0 degrees to 24 degrees) on the normal side, representing a reduction of 21.1%. The mean plantar flexion on the arthrodesed side was 35.5 degrees (24 degrees to 60 degrees) compared with 44.6 degrees (30 degrees to 60 degrees ) on the normal side, a reduction of 20.4%. These results suggest that anterior impingement need not to be a significant problem after subtalar arthrodesis for fracture of the os calcis, even when the loss of talocalcaneal height is marked. We recommend in situ arthrodesis combined with lateral-wall ostectomy for all cases of subtalar arthritis following a fracture of the os calcis, without marked coronal deformity, regardless of the degree of talocalcaneal height loss.

Spontaneous resolution of solitary osteochondroma in the young adult.

Spontaneous resolution of a solitary osteochondroma is rare. Such a case is presented in a patient nearing skeletal maturity. Based on a search of the English literature this is the first such report in a patient of this age.

The relationship between the strength of supination of the forearm and rotation of the shoulder.

In children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) who develop an internal rotation deformity of the shoulder, release of subscapularis improves the range of external rotation of the shoulder and the strength of supination of the forearm. We studied the strength of supination in 35 healthy adult volunteers at 45 degrees of both internal and external rotation. The mean and maximum torques were greater in external than internal rotation by 8.7% and 7.5%, respectively. This was highly significant (p < 0.0001). The increased strength of supination in external rotation is probably because the maximum power of biceps, particularly the long head, may be exerted in this position. In children the difference may be even greater due to anatomical differences causing the dramatic increases in the strength of supination after surgery for OBPP. In adults our findings suggest that the supination exercises which are undertaken after injury or surgery to the forearm or wrist should be performed in external rotation.