[The role of the vomeronasal system in the formation of the human sexual behaviour]. / Rol' vomeronazal'noi sistemy v formirovanii seksual'nogo povedeniia cheloveka.

This review deals with the structure and function of the vomeronasal system and evaluation of its influence on the sexual sphere of humans and animals. Special attention is given to the role of pheromones in the regulation of the sexual behaviour. The data concerning the function of the vomeronasal organ following surgical interventions in the nasal cavity are discussed.

[The nasolabial cyst]. / Nazolabial'naia kista.

The authors present the clinical observation of the nasolabial cyst together with the concise overview of the relevant literature and terminology, etiology and pathogenesis of this condition.

[The role of the students' research groups in the formation of the system of values as a personality trait of the future doctor]. / Rol' studencheskogo nauchnogo kruzhka v formirovanii tsennostnykh orientatsii lichnosti budushchego vracha.

This publication was designed to report the experience gained by the Department of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University in the matters concerning the education of the students involved in the activities of research groups. The main causes for which the senior students should be attracted to doing research work in the framework of the university-based scientific societies are considered. Special emphasis is laid on the role of the students' research groups in the formation of the system of values as a personality trait of the future doctor. The experience gained during the recent years with the organization of inter-institutional students' competitions (otorhinolaryngological olympiads) is discussed.

Functional disorders in patients with lip and nose deformity after cheilorhinoplasty. / Funktsional'nye narusheniya u patsientov s deformatsiei guby i nosa posle odnostoronnei kheilorinoplastiki.

Clinical analysis of the nasolabial complex in patients suffering of the unilateral cleft lip and palate deformity after cheilorhinoplasty is presented in the article. Functional disorders such as nasal breathe impairment and it's relation to the nasolabial muscle dystonia in the dependency of primary cheilorhinoplasty type are analyzed. The plan of surgical treatment as well as the postoperative rehabilitation using the botulotoxin injections is offered.

[Nasal breath recovery and rhinoplasty in cleft lip and palate patient with unilateral choanal atresia].

The paper presents the analysis of clinical case of endoscopic nasal breath restoration and elimination of the secondary cleft lip nasal deformity in 27 years old patient with unilateral choanal atresia and secondary nasal deformity after rhinocheiloplasty. Preoperative examination revealed the absence of nasal breathing on collateral side due to complete bone choanal atresia. Surgical treatment included endoscopic choanal repair, elimination of the secondary nasal deformity, septoplasty, conchotomy and lateroposition of the inferior conchae. The treatment resulted in nasal breath restoration and elimination of nasal deformity. Long-term follow-up at 1 and 12 months post-operatively proved stable positive aesthetic and functional results.

[The silent sinus syndrome in the patients presenting with the uncinate process apposed to the orbital wall].

The objective of the present study was to analyze the frequency of the silent sinus syndrome (SSS) based on the results of computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) in the patients presenting with the uncinate process (UP) apposed to the orbital wall. The study included 35 patients with the uncinate process apposed to the orbital wall who had been operated in the Clinic of ENT Diseases of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The examination of the nasal cavity with the use of computed tomography and PNS endoscopy revealed the silent sinus syndrome in 14 patients. Ten of them had endoscopically confirmed type 2 hypoplasia of maxillary sinuses (MS). This finding suggests the necessity of computed tomography of paranasal sinuses in the patients with this condition in order to exclude the diagnosis of silent sinus syndrome even in the absence of exophthalmos. All the patients included in the present study underwent endoscopic surgery on maxillary sinuses that resulted in the adequate widening of the ostium and comprehensive sanation of the sinuses.

[Olfactory disorders in patients with psychiatric diseases].

In recent times, there were a lot of different investigations dedicated to olfactory disorders in patients with psychiatric diseases.Nevertheless,olfactory discrimination and olfactory identification usually are not used in everyday clinical neurological and psychiatric examination, if a patient hasn't got any complaints. A review of research over the past two decades on olfactory disorders and their diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and alcohol dependency is presented.

[The overview of the surgical methods for the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy].

To analyse the efficacy of various surgical methods for the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy and to estimate the potential of endonasal endoscopic surgery for the management of this pathology. The available literature publications concerning surgical treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy were reviewed; their data were compared with the results of endoscopic endonasal surgery performed by the authors. Various surgical techniques including those with the use of external and endonasal transethmoidal approachers are discussed with special emphasis on the resection of the medial and inferior orbital walls. The analysis of surgical techniques, peculiarities of postoperative treatment, and its outcomes is presented. This study has demonstrated the advantages of endonasal endoscopic transethmoidal decompression of the orbit over the external surgical approach used to manage endocrine ophthalmopathy.

[The influence of the surgical and medicamental treatment on the olfactory function in the patients presenting with polypous rhinosinusitis].

The objective of the present investigation was to study dynamics of the olfactory function in the patients presenting with polypous rhinosinusitis receiving medicamental therapy and in different periods after the surgical intervention. A total of 40 patients were available for the examination in the "Sniffin Sticks" test. The patients of group 1 (n=20) were treated with intramuscular injections of dexamethasone (8 mg twice daily) with gradual tapering the dose during 10 days. The patients comprising group 2 underwent bilateral endoscopic polysinusotomy. Both treatment modalities were followed by momethasone fuorate therapy 6 months in duration. Examination of the patients on the first control visit (i.e. within 1 month after the onset of the treatment) revealed the significant improvement of all measured olfactory parameters that were not significantly different between the two groups. On the second control visit (within 4 months after the onset of the treatment), the patients of group 1 showed a significantly impaired ability to identify smells although other olfactory parameters remained virtually unaltered as compared with those on the first visit. At the same time, no significant impairment of the olfactory function was apparent in the patients of group 2. It is concluded that the patients having non-obstructive polyps in the nasal cavity should be advised in the first place to undergo a course of glucocorticosteroid therapy rather than surgical treatment because the results of conservative therapy and endoscopic polysinusotomy do not differ significantly, at least within the first 4 months after the beginning of the treatment.

[The olfactory function in the patients with the curved nasal septum before and after surgical treatment].

The authors compared the frequency of subjective complains of hyposmia and results of objective study (olfactometry) in the patients with the curved nasal septum. In addition, the influence of septoplastic surgery on the olfactory function in such patients was estimated. The study included 40 patients aged from 18 to 59 years who examined by olfactometry with the use of the Sniffing sticks test. Subjective evaluation of the olfactory function was performed based on the 10-point visual analog scale. All the patients underwent septoplasty; olfactometry was repeated within 1 and 4 months after surgery. Sixty percent of the patients interviewed prior to the surgical treatment complained of compromised sense of smell. Olfactometry revealed this condition in 75% of the patients of whom 52.5% presented with hyposmia of the mixed type. Significant improvement of all parameters of the olfactory function was documented within 1 month after the surgical treatment. The results of estimation of certain parameters (differentiation, identification, overall olfactory index) suggest further recovery of the olfactory function during the next 4 months. It is concluded that normalization of the nasal breathing improves the function of the olfactory analyzer even though the complete recovery of the olfactory function is hardly possible in the patients presenting with the curved nasal septum prior to surgical treatment.

[Application of sinuforte in domestic and foreign practices].

A comprehensive report designed to evaluate clinical effectiveness of sinuforte (Cyclamen europaeum extract) for the treatment of acute rhinosinisitis is presented based on the results of the studies carried out in this country and abroad. The available data give convincing evidence of beneficial effects of sinuforte used either as the starting monotherapy for the management of mild and moderately severe disease or in combination with other agents for the treatment of all cases of acute or exacerbated chronic rhinosinusitis. It is concluded that the use of sinuforte provides an opportunity for the treatment of each patient on an individual basis, permits to prevent polypragmasia and avoid unneeded antibiotic therapy.