ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Malaria still remains the most frequent parasitic disease on the world with, in 2022, 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths worldwide. Malaria control is compromised by the spread of the parasite's resistance to available antimalarials. The objective of our study is to characterize the Plasmodium falciparum resistance genes to common antimalarial drugs in semi-urban areas of Burkina Faso. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study whose collection took place from June to October 2021 and from June to October 2022 in five health facilities in Burkina Faso. The molecular analysis based on PCR-RFLP took place from January to June 2023 at Centre National de Recherche et de Formation (CNRFP) to determine resistance genes such as Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhps, and Pfdhfr. RESULTS: A total of 150 samples were analyzed giving a prevalence of 46.67, 1.33, 0.67, 20, 82, and 4.67%, for Pfcrt 76 T, Pfmdr1 86Y, Pfdhps 437G, Pfdhfr 51I, Pfdhfr 59R, and Pfdhfr 108N mutations, respectively. There are no mutations observed Pfdhps 540E and Pfdhfr 164L positions. However, mutation on Pfdhfr 59R position was the most common. In addition, triple mutation (Pfdhps 437G + Pfdhfr 59R + Pfdhfr 108N) was found with a low frequency which is 0.67%. CONCLUSION: Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum resistance markers to antimalarial drugs, remains one of the priorities in the context of the control or malaria elimination.
Subject(s)
Antimalarials , Drug Resistance , Malaria, Falciparum , Plasmodium falciparum , Protozoan Proteins , Plasmodium falciparum/genetics , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Burkina Faso/epidemiology , Antimalarials/pharmacology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance/genetics , Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Humans , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Prospective Studies , Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics , Mutation , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Purpose: Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is widely used for the prevention of malaria in pregnant women in Africa. Known resistance cases of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy need to be follow up to support IPTp implementation in Burkina Faso. However, data on the development and spread of resistance to this molecule are lacking. This study aimed to investigating the genetic diversity of P. falciparum and the mutation prevalence in the dhfr and dhps genes infected from postpartum infected placentas. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective and cross-sectional study conducted between April 2019 and March 2020 in four health districts of Ouagadougou capital city. From the placentas collected after delivery, P. falciparum detection and mps1 and msp2 polymorphism analysis were performed by nested PCR. The resistance profile was checked after analyzing the mutation point on dhfr and dhps genes. Results: PCR-positive samples were estimated at 96% for msp1 and 98% for msp2. The polymorphism analysis showed that the RO33 and 3D7 allelic families were the most widespread with 62.5% and 91.83%, respectively. Multiple infections by msp1 and msp2 were frequent with 12.50% and 92.92%, respectively. The prevalence of individual dhfr mutation point, 51I, 108A, and 59R, was 1.96, 15.68, and 7.84, respectively, and the dhps mutation point, 437G, was 3.92. There is no detected mutation at the point 164L and 540E. The triple (51I+108A+59R) in dhfr and quadruple (51I+108A+59R+ 437G) mutation were not found. Conclusion: The results showed that Plasmodium falciparum has a high genetic diversity of msp1 and msp2. This suggests that dhfr and dhps mutant genotypes are potential early warning factors in the increase in the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance.
