Traumatic Buccal and Inferior Alveolar Pseudoaneurysm Associated With Von Willebrand Disease: A Challenging Case Treated by Endovascular Approach.

ABSTRACT: Pseudoaneurysm resulting from the external carotid artery or its branches after trauma to the maxillofacial region is unlikely, even more so, in a patient with von Willebrand disease. This study aimed to report a challenging case of pseudoaneurysm of the buccal artery and inferior alveolar artery due to a mandible fracture in a traumatized patient with undiagnosed von Willebrand disease. This reported case was conducted by a multidisciplinary team, covering the departments of maxillofacial surgery, interventional neuroradiology, neurosurgery, and hematology. From a fracture of the lower jaw and the appropriate course of action, bleeding episodes followed until intervention with embolization therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of a patient with those conditions.

Orbital Blowout Fracture With Globe Displacement Into the Maxillary Sinus: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Blunt trauma in the orbital region often results in fracture of 1 or more bone walls resulting in alteration of the orbital volume with the potential for visual sequelae. This study reports a rare case of displacement of the eyeball into the maxillary sinus after blunt trauma as well as its initial management, treatment, and clinical follow-up. Victims of eyeball displacement have a poor visual prognosis. Even if the patient has already been diagnosed with amaurosis on arrival to the hospital, all measures for rapid eye repositioning and reconstruction of the orbital cavity must be instituted, as well as appropriate clinical and pharmacologic management to avoid further complications.

Osteoma em côndilo mandibular associado à síndrome de gardner: relato de caso / Osteoma in mandibular condyle associated with gardner syndrome: a case report

Os osteomas geralmente são lesões solitárias, de crescimento lento e assintomáticas. Os locais de ocorrência mais comuns são o corpo da mandíbula e o côndilo, mas quando envolvem esta região podem causar alterações na oclusão do paciente, desvio progressivo e lento de linha média, assim como aumento do volume facial acompanhado de dor e limitação de abertura bucal. Cerca de 90% dos pacientes portadores da Síndrome de Gardner apresentam anormalidades esqueléticas, fazendo os osteomas as lesões mais frequentes e de maior ocorrência em seios paranasais e nos maxilares. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente do gênero feminino, portadora de Síndrome de Gardner com osteoma localizado em côndilo mandibular esquerdo que, devido aos sintomas relatados pelo paciente, foi submetida à ressecção cirúrgica por meio de acesso intra oral para melhor abordagem da lesão e que evoluiu para a solução da sintomatologia apresentada como queixa principal quando procurou o serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-maxilo-facial.

Osteomas are usually solitary, slow-growing and asymptomatics lesions. The most common sites of occurrence are condyle and jaw body. Osteomas involving condyle can cause changes in patient’s occlusion, progressive and slow deviation of the midline, as well as increased facial volume accompanied by pain and limited mouth opening. An osteoma located in mandible border is typical of the Gardner’s Syndrome. There are many clinical features of this syndrome, which can affect the skin, endocrine system and orofacial area. About 90% of patients with this condition have skeletal abnormalities, making osteomas the most frequent lesions in the paranasal sinuses and jaws. The objective of this work is to report the clinical case of a female patient with Gardner’s Syndrome with osteoma located in the left mandibular condyle, who was submitted to resection of the lesion.

Elderly patients with facial trauma: a 10 year review / Trauma facial em idosos: uma análise retrospectiva de 10 anos

Abstract Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of geriatric patients with facial trauma treated at a Maxillofacial Surgery Department in southern Brazil over a period of 10 years. Methods: a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients aged over 60 years treated for facial trauma in the period from January 2001 to December 2010 was performed. Result: of a total of 1,385 analyzed medical records of patients with facial trauma, 86 (6.2%) belonged to the group aged 60-89 years. The male gender was the most affected and the age group 60-69 years was the most frequently involved. The middle third was the most affected, and the zygomatic bone was the most commonly fractured. Conclusion: special attention should be given to the 60-69 age group, as while such patients present physiological changes inherent to aging, they remain active in society and exposed to risk factors for facial trauma. AU

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes geriátricos com trauma facial atendidos em um Serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Sul do Brasil em um período de 10 anos. Método: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários dos pacientes com idade superior há 60 anos atendidos com trauma facial no período de 01 de janeiro de 2001 há 31 de dezembro de 2010. Resultados: Num total de 1.385 prontuários analisados de pacientes com traumatismo facial, 86 (6,2%) pertenciam ao grupo na faixa etária de 60-89 anos. O gênero masculino foi o mais acometido e a faixa etária entre 60-69 anos a mais frequentemente envolvida, sendo que o terço médio foi o mais acometido e o osso mais comumente fraturado foi o zigomático. Conclusão: Atenção especial deve ser dirigida a faixa etária entre 60-69 anos, pois ao mesmo tempo que seus pacientes apresentam alterações fisiológicas inerentes ao avanço da idade, os mesmos continuam ativos em nossa sociedade e expostos a fatores de risco para o trauma facial. AU

Mechanical and microstructural properties of fixation systems used in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to evaluate in vitro the mechanical and microstructural properties of internal fixation systems used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four brands of internal fixation systems (screws and 4-hole straight plates) were selected and assigned to four groups: G1 Leibinger®, G2 Tóride®, G3 Engimplan®, and G4 Medartis®. The systems were submitted to Vickers hardness testing, metallographic and interstitial elements chemical composition analyses. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Plates in groups 1, 2, and 3 showed similar microstructure and mechanical properties, different from those in G4 revealing larger grains. In all groups, the screws showed similar microstructure, with uniform arrangement and size of grains; the screws showed higher hardness values than those observed for the plates. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that all materials tested are adequate for use in oral maxillofacial surgeries.

Comparative in vitro mechanical evaluation of techniques using a 2.0 mm locking fixation system for simulated fractures of the mandibular body.

PURPOSE: To perform a comparative evaluation of the mechanical resistance of simulated fractures of the mandibular body which were repaired using different fixation techniques with two different brands of 2.0 mm locking fixation systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four aluminum hemimandibles with linear sectioning simulating a mandibular body fracture were used as the substrates and were fixed using the two techniques and two different brands of fixation plate. These were divided into four groups: groups I and II were fixed with one four-hole plate, with four 6 mm screws in the tension zone and one four-hole plate, with four 10 mm screws in the compression zone; and groups III and IV were fixed with one four-hole plate with four 6 mm screws in the neutral zone. Fixation plates manufactured by Tóride were used for groups I and III, and by Traumec for groups II and IV. The hemimandibles were submitted to vertical, linear load testing in an Instron 4411 servohydraulic mechanical testing unit, and the load/displacement (3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm) and the peak loads were measured. Means and standard deviations were evaluated applying variance analysis with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The only significant difference between the brands was seen at displacements of 7 mm. Comparing the techniques, groups I and II showed higher mechanical strength than groups III and IV, as expected. CONCLUSION: For the treatment of mandibular linear body fracture, two locking plates, one in the tension zone and another in the compression zone, have a greater mechanical strength than a single locking plate in the neutral zone.

Uso de malla de marlex® en el tratamiento de fracturas de suelo de órbita / Use of marlex® mesh for the treatment of orbital floor fracture

Background: The selection of the biomaterial to be used for reconstruction of orbital floor fractures depends on several factors such as the size of the defect, walls involved, internal contours, restoration of appropriate volume, elapsed time of the trauma and surgeon's experience. A treatment option is the use of Marlex® mesh. Case report: We report an 18 years old male victim of physical aggression, referred to the emergency service, with an orbital floor trauma. Marlex® mesh was used for reconstruction of the defect. Postoperative clinical assessment and CT scans performed at 30 and 180 days, showed full functional recovery.

Introducción: La selección del material biológico que se utilizará para la reconstrucción de las fracturas del suelo de órbita se relaciona con varios factores como: el tamaño del defecto, las paredes que participan, la adaptación de los contornos internos, la restauración del volumen adecuado, el tiempo transcurrido del trauma y la experiencia del cirujano. Una opción de tratamiento es el uso de la malla de Marlex® para la reconstrucción de defectos de suelo de la órbita. Caso clínico: El presente estudio reporta un caso de paciente de sexo masculino, 18 años, llevado a la sala de urgencias del Hospital da Cidade de Passo Fundo-RS, Brasil, víctima de una agresión física, presentando traumatismo de piso de órbita en que se utilizó para la reconstrucción una malla Marlex®. El control post-operatorio clínico y la tomografía de 30 y 180 días mostraron una función totalmente restaurada.

Fractographic analysis of 2.0-mm plates with a screw locking system in simulated fractures of the mandibular body.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the fractured plates from 2 brands of 2.0-mm locking fixation systems submitted to axial linear load testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four aluminum hemimandibles with linear sectioning to simulate a mandibular body fracture were used as a substrate and fixed with 2 fixation techniques from 2 national brands: Tóride and Traumec. The techniques were as follows: one 4-hole plate, with four 6-mm screws in the tension zone, and one 4-hole plate, with four 10-mm screws in the compression zone; and one 4-hole plate, with four 6-mm holes in the neutral zone. The hemimandibles were submitted to vertical linear load tests using an Instron 4411 mechanical test machine. The system was submitted to the test until complete failure had occurred. Next, a topographic analysis of the surface of the plates was performed using a stereomicroscope and an electronic scanning microscope. The samples were evaluated using different magnifications, and images were obtained. RESULTS: The surface of the fracture analyzed in scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a ductile-type fracture, usually found in the traction test bodies of ductile materials, such as titanium. No evidence of failure was observed in any fracture surface from a change in the structure or composition of the material. CONCLUSIONS: The plates were fractured by a ductile rupture mechanism, as expected, suggesting that the manufacturing of the national brand name plates used in the present study has been under adequate quality control, with no structural changes produced by the manufacturing process that could compromise their function.

Estudo comparativo entre teleradiografias de perfil escaneadas e fotografadas para uso no software Dolphin Imaging / A Comparison of Scanned and Corresponding Photographed Cephalograms For Use in Dolphin Imaging Software

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar teleradiografias de perfil escaneadas e fotografadas para uso no Software Dolphin Imaging. Dez teleradiografias de perfil foram fotografadas para uso nesse programa computacional. Medidas lineares e angulares foram traçadas cefalometricamente e analisadas. Cada traçado foi repetido, duas vezes, no intervalo de 1 semana, pelo mesmo operador. As medidas foram tabladas no Microsoft Excel, e os testes t de Student e Wilcoxon foram utilizados para comparar cada medida. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi utilizado para se verificar a padronização intraexaminador, e os resultados >0.92 indicavam alta confiabilidade. Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi observada entre os 2 grupos em todas as medidas lineares e angulares. Pode-se concluir, então, que ambos os métodos (fotografias e scanner) podem ser realizados para a utilização no Software Dolphin Imaging... (AU)

The purpose of this study was to compare scanned cephalograms to photographed cephalograms for use in Dolphin Imaging Software. Ten lateral cephalograms were photographed and scanned to be used in Dolphin Imaging Software. Linear and angular measurements were tracing and analyzed. Each tracing was repeated twice with 1-week interval, by the same operator. The measures were tabulated at Microsoft Excel and Students-t and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare each measurement. The intraclass correlator coefficient was used to test the intraexaminer reability and was >0.92 and it featured a high reability. No statistically difference was observed between the two groups, in all of the linear and angular measurements. We concluded that for the use in the Dolphin Imaging Software both methods (photographs and scanner) can be used... (AU)

Maxillofacial trauma and seat belt: a 10-year retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Brazil is among the countries with the highest prevalence of people injured by traffic accidents, showing that in 2008, levels reached 18.3 victims for 100,000 habitants were victims of traffic accidents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved data collected from treated patients' charts at seven different hospitals located in three different cities all in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Information was obtained through a standardized form, which was designed to investigate the epidemiologic features of maxillofacial traumas, restricted to victims of car accidents. RESULTS: Three hundred ninety-six patients were victims of car crashes with mean age 29.75 years. The age group 18-30 years showed an association with facial trauma in 96 patients, 41.56 % of whom reported using seat belt. Le Fort I, II and III (70 %) and mandible (63.11 %) were more associated with body traumas and seat belt use. The most common soft tissue lesion was laceration with 189 cases (42.3 %). The treatment way was assessed, 93 (23 %) were treated surgically and 303 (77 %) underwent conservative treatment. DISCUSSION: Classically, it is known front seat belt use was positively correlated with back seat belt use, healthy diet, dental and general health, regular walking, adequate sleep and no smoking. Accidents involving cars occurred more frequently in age group 18-30 years, suffering more general traumas and representing the nonusers group that wore fewer seat belts, caused, perhaps, by bigger access of the youth to cars, driving in high speed and to an inefficient fiscalization of the traffic laws.

Temporal abscess after third molar extraction in the mandible.

BACKGROUND: Dental infections resulting before or after third molar removal are complications in which the maxillofacial surgeon may have to initiate an earlier management. The severe dental infections resulting before or after this procedure is one of the few life-threatening complications in which the maxillofacial surgeon may have to initiate an earlier management. Infections involving the temporal space are rare and infrequently reported. Infections in this space have also been observed secondary to maxillary sinusitis, maxillary sinus fracture, temporomandibular arthroscopy, and drug injection, although more commonly associated to third molar infections. CASE REPORT: A 22-year-old man had undergone extraction of tooth 38 secondary to pericoronaritis by a general dentist. Physical examination of his face demonstrated severe trismus, pain, and swelling in temporal region. A CT scan showed an inflammatory area into the temporal space. He was started on IV cephalosporin, but the clinical course of the patient was not satisfactory. Incision and drainage were performed from an extraoral and intraoral approach. After discharged, the antibiotic was switched to clindamycin IO 600 mg. DISCUSSION: The retromaxillary and temporal infections are quite common after maxillary molar extractions but not after mandibular third molar, the spread mechanism of ascension must be involved with the virulence of microorganisms, but more studies are necessary to clarify this occurrence.

Mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst: a case report and literature review.

The mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst is a cystic lesion occurring on the buccal surface of the permanent mandibular first molar in 6- to 8-year-old children. The purpose of this article was to present a case report of an 8-year-old with a radiolucent area on the permanent mandibular left first molar, with clinical, radiological, and histological characteristics compatible with the pathological entity mentioned. The treatment adopted in this case was enucleation without extraction. The patient is still under observation without any sign of recurrence.

Variables related to surgical and nonsurgical treatment of zygomatic complex fracture.

The aim of this retrospective research was to establish the association between variables for the surgical treatment of zygomatic complex (ZC) fractures. In a 10-year period, 532 patients were examined for ZC fractures. The medical records of patients were analyzed to obtain information related to sociodemographic characteristics, trauma etiology, sign and symptoms of patients, and surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using χ test with statistical significance of P < 0.05. Most fractures were sustained by subjects between 21 and 40 years of age (55.8%), being principally men (80.1%), and 153 patients underwent surgery (28.8%). Surgical treatment of ZC fractures was statistically associated to the presence of other facial fractures (P = 0.004), alteration of occlusion (P = 0.0001; probably due to jaw fractures), presence of the comminuted fractures (P = 0.0002), and infraorbital nerve sensory disturbances (P = 0.003). A mixture of complex variables can be associated to surgical treatment; however, variables as comminuted fracture and alteration of occlusion were associated to surgical treatment indications.

Comparative study between 2 methods of mounting models in semiadjustable articulator for orthognathic surgery.

PURPOSE: Compare the traditional method of mounting dental casts on a semiadjustable articulator and the new method suggested by Wolford and Galiano, 1 analyzing the inclination of maxillary occlusal plane in relation to FHP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two casts of 10 patients were obtained. One of them was used for mounting of models on a traditional articulator, by using a face bow transfer system and the other one was used to mounting models at Occlusal Plane Indicator platform (OPI), using the SAM articulator. After that, na analysis of the accuracy of mounting models was performed. The angle made by de occlusal plane and FHP on the cephalogram should be equal the angle between the occlusal plane and the upper member of the articulator. RESULTS: The measures were tabulated in Microsoft Excell(®) and calculated using a 1-way analysis variance. Statistically, the results did not reveal significant differences among the measures. CONCLUSION: OPI and face bow presents similar results but more studies are needed to verify its accuracy relative to the maxillary cant in OPI or develop new techniques able to solve the disadvantages of each technique.

Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus associated with a zygomatic implant.

BACKGROUND: The use of a specially designed implant to be anchored in the zygomatic bone has been proposed in the literature as an alternative to bone grafting in the prosthetic rehabilitation of the severely resorbed maxilla, an option that has few postoperative complications. However, some complications can arise, such as the fungal infection the authors describe in this article. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors report a case of aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus after zygomatic implant placement. Twelve months after placement of the implant, the patient returned with symptoms of sinusitis, and a computed tomographic scan showed failure in zygomatic implant osseointegration and a radiopaque mass in the left maxillary sinus. The implant was removed, as was a friable brownish-yellow mass from the sinus. Histopathological analysis revealed a noninvasive hyphal mass compatible with Aspergillus. At a 12-month follow up, the patient experienced no recurrence of fungal sinusitis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Zygomatic implant placement is a safe surgical procedure. Nevertheless, postoperative maxillary sinus infections by bacteria, virus and fungus can occur and therefore need to be considered in the diagnosis of infection in the vicinity of dental and maxillofacial implants.

Surgical approaches and fixation patterns in zygomatic complex fractures.

The aim of this research was to analyze the surgical approaches and methods of rigid fixation used to treat zygomatic complex (ZC) fractures over a 10-year period. One hundred fifty-three patients who underwent surgery to treat ZC fractures between 1999 and 2008 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic information, signs, and symptoms of the fractures, classification, surgical approaches, and methods of internal fixation were obtained from the medical records. The data were analyzed using statistical descriptive analysis and chi test (P < 0.05). The mean age of the sample was 31 years, and males were predominant (82.3%). In 60.1% of the patients, one surgical approach was used to treat the ZC fractures, whereas 2 surgical approaches were used in 24.8% of the patients. The zygomaticomaxillary buttress was fixed in 86.9% of the patients, followed by infraorbital rim fixation and zygomaticofrontal. There was a statistical significance between fracture displacement and surgical approach for the infraorbital rim (P < 0.0001) and zygomaticofrontal suture (P < 0.0001). Considering that adequate reduction and fixation should be performed and that we try to minimize the amount of scarring, the intraoral zygomaticomaxillary buttress approach is the first choice to treat ZC fractures. In cases of displacement bigger than 5 mm, approaches to 3 of 4 points of the ZC are mandatory to reduce the fractures. The infraorbital rim and zygomaticofrontal suture approaches are indicated to treat displaced fractures.

Incidence and patterns of mandibular condyle fractures.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of the prevalence, type, and treatment modalities of condylar fractures of the mandible. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected from patients during an 8-year period (1999 to 2007). The data recorded included demographic data, etiology, diagnosis, type, dislocation, use of protective devices, state of the dentition, associated facial and general trauma, soft tissue lesions, treatment methods, and the interval between trauma and treatment. Data analysis included a descriptive analysis, chi(2) test, Fisher's exact test, t test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, 209 unilateral fractures and 54 bilateral fractures were treated, with a male/female ratio of 3.05:1 and a mean age of 28.4 years, for a total of 317 condylar fractures. Male gender was significantly associated with the presence of a condylar fracture (P < .05). The most common cause of condylar fractures was road traffic accidents (57.8%). Of the 317 fractures, 300 were classified as simple fractures, and 249 fractures were not displaced. Protective devices significantly decreased the number of condylar fractures occurring from road traffic accidents (P < .05). Symphysis fractures were significantly associated with both unilateral and bilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle (P < .05). Subcondylar displaced fractures were significantly associated with surgical treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Young adults were involved in most of the accidents. Road traffic accidents were the main cause of condylar fractures. The mandatory use of safety helmets and seatbelts and education of those using the road are essential to decrease the number of facial fractures.

Existen diferencias en la morfometría mandibular de pacientes candidatos a cirugía ortognática? parte 2: influencias del género / Are there differences in the mandibular morphometry in patients who are candidates for orthognathic surgery? part 2: influences of gender

El seno coronario recientemente ha asumido un papel importante en la clínica cardiológico, siendo ampliamente utilizado en procedimientos invasivos del corazón. Comúnmente, se utiliza en los implantes de los electrodos para el monitoreo epimiocárdico del ritmo cardiaco, a través de un ritmo biventricular establecido. Estos procedimientos invasivos no son posibles en los corazones con una atresia del ostium del seno coronario. En presencia de esta condición, se puede producir otra anomalía: el desarrollo de la vena de "Marchal" la cual es un vestigio de la vena cava superior izquierda (VCSI). Esto provoca que la sangre venosa del corazón pueda drenar en el atrio derecho, por una comunicación entre la VCSI y la vena braquicefálica izquierda. La presencia de una VCSI trae dificultades a la hora de realizar un procedimiento invasivo con el fin de acceder al atrio derecho a través de la vena cava superior, usualmente hecho en la clínica cardiológica. Por otra parte, el cruzamiento de la VCSI sobre el atrio izquierdo es vulnerable en las intervenciones quirúrgicas cardiovasculares, confirmado por informes clínicos. En el presente estudio, 400 corazones fijados en formalina provenientes a cadáveres de sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre los 35 y 80 años, fueron investigados, en particular por la anatomía del seno coronario. El ostium obliterado del seno coronario al atrio derecho asociado con una VCSI persistente estuvo presente en sólo una muestra (0,25 por ciento). Se realizó un estudio del diámetro de estas estructuras dilatadas debido a que la sangre venosa drena desde el corazón hacia el atrio derecho, por una comunicación entre la VCSI y la vena braquicefálica izquierda. También se realiza una revisión de la literatura de estos casos y se discuten nuestros hallazgos en relación con su importancia clínica.

Individual facial features are to be associated with genetic and environmental influences, it is possible to identify clear differences between the facial patterns of men and women, where dentofacial deformities (FDA) will influence the surgical indications, surgical techniques and the final aesthetic results. We performed a cohort study with patients who consulted for orthognathic surgery between 2002 and 2008 in the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the FOP-UNICAMP. Examined panoramic radiographs used in surgical planning by linking the gender of the patient with mandibular morphometric characteristics specifically associated with the surgical techniques used in the correction of DDF, evaluations were conducted with descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test with statistical significance when p <0.05. Forty-six patients were studied, 26 patients being female and 20 male patients. It was not possible to identify statistical differences in the mandibular morphometry in both groups. In the descriptive analysis, the proportional differences between the groups were minimal. Finally, we note that there is no difference in Brazilian patients were male and female when compared Mandibular morphometric proportions.

Estudio descriptivo de los accesos quirúrgicos utilizados en el tratamiento de fracturas del complejo zigomático orbitario / Descriptive study of surgical approach for zygomatic complex fractures

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los accesos quirúrgicos utilizados para el abordaje del complejo zigomático orbitario (CZO) y arco zigomático (AZ). Fue diseñado un estudio de tipo retrospectivo, evaluando las fichas clínicas de pacientes atendidos entre el 1 de Abril del año 1999 y el 31 de Diciembre del año 2008. Fueron estudiadas variables sociodemográficas y características de la fractura, tales como presencia de más de una fractura facial y desplazamiento del fragmento óseo. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de los diferentes accesos quirúrgicos utilizados y cuando fue necesario se estudió la asociación estadística con la prueba chi-cuadrado para variables nominales, estableciendo significancia si p<0,05. Ciento cincuenta y tres pacientes fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico de fractura de CZO con 251 accesos quirúrgicos. El acceso más efectuado fue el intrabucal, seguido del acceso subciliar y supraciliar. Siempre existió mayor utilización de accesos para pilar zigomaticomaxilar, seguidos por accesos para reborde infraorbitario y sutura frontozigomática, con pocas diferencias entre ellos. No fue posible encontrar asociación estadística entre las variables estudiadas y la cantidad de accesos para el tratamiento quirúrgico de fracturas de CZO. Los accesos quirúrgicos deben responder a las necesidades individuales de cada caso, intentando obtener indicaciones precisas, más que preferencias individuales de cada cirujano.

The aim of this research was to evaluated the surgical approach for zygomatic complex and zygomatic arch fracture. Was doing a retrospective study, evaluating clinical charts of patients with treatment between April 1 of 1999 and December 31, 2008. Were study sociodemographic variables, type and quantitative fracture and displacement of osseous fragment. A descriptive analysis was do it surgical approach used and when was necessary, realized a statistical analysis with Chi-Square test for nominal variables, with p<0.05 for significant statistic. One hundred fifty tree patients was surgically treated for ZC fracture, doing 251 surgical approach. More realized approach was intraoral, follow for subciliary and superciliary approach. Always exist more approach for zygomatimaxillary pillar, follow to infraorbitary rim and frontozygomatic suture, with a little difference. Was not possible show statistic association between de variables and the quantity of surgical approach for ZC fractures. Surgical approach was response to individual necessity, obtained certain indications more than surgeon preferences.