ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In our study, we investigated the influence of plasma levels ghrelin, leptin and other metabolic hormones (ILGF-1 and ILGF-2) in pregnants in regulating fetal body weight and mode of delivery. METHODS: A total of 36 appropriately healthy pregnants 19-36-year-old were involved in the study. Demographic characteristics, serum ghrelin, leptin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels of the pregnants were studied. RESULTS: Plasma ghrelin and leptin levels did not differ significantly among trimesters and delivery, in contrast to IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations were significantly higher in the first half of the pregnancy (P < 0.05). Serum leptin was significantly associated with mode of delivery (r = 0.231; P = 0.008), BMI (r = 0.462; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Metabolic factors are associated with fetal growth, but in AGA babies, there were no differences between any parameter and clinical factor.
Subject(s)
Fetal Blood/metabolism , Fetal Development/physiology , Ghrelin/blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Leptin/blood , Pregnancy/blood , Adult , Birth Weight , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Parturition/blood , Pregnancy Trimesters/blood , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of cabergoline (Cb2) and meloxicam in curbing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). DESIGN: Randomized controlled, animal study. SETTING: Academic facility. SAMPLE: We used a total of 50 immature Wistar female rats randomly to create an experimental OHSS model. METHODS: Ten rats each formed the control group and mild OHSS group. The remaining 30 were separated into three equal groups of severe OHSS. Mild and severe OHSS were induced through ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. One group with severe OHSS was administered a low-dose 100 microg/kg Cb2 therapy; another group with severe OHSS received 600 microg/kg meloxicam. Body weight, vascular permeability (VP), VEGF expression, ovary weight, and diameter were then compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The efficacy of Cb2 and meloxicam for preventing OHSS. RESULTS: Comparison of the severe OHSS groups with the controls and mild OHSS group revealed significant increases in VEGF expression, VP, ovary weight, and diameter. The increase in VEGF expression was demonstrated to be dependent on human chorionic gonadotropin doses. However, low-dose Cb2 and meloxicam therapies were shown to be ineffective in decreasing VEGF expression and VP, ovary weight, and ovary diameter in severe OHSS. CONCLUSIONS: VEGF elevation played a critical part in OHSS pathogenesis, but the therapies administered failed to curb VEGF expression.
Subject(s)
Ergolines/pharmacology , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome/prevention & control , Ovary/drug effects , Pregnancy, Animal , Thiazines/pharmacology , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Biopsy, Needle , Body Weight , Cabergoline , Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Immunohistochemistry , Injections, Intramuscular , Meloxicam , Organ Size , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome/pathology , Ovary/pathology , Ovulation Induction/adverse effects , Ovulation Induction/methods , Pregnancy , Probability , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To simultaneously investigate the polysomnography (PSG) and nonstress test (NST) records of pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to observe NST changes during maternal desaturation and determine maternal and fetal outcomes. METHODS: A prospective observational study of pregnant women assessed by questionnaire for symptoms of OSA. Women with self-reported frequent snoring or apnea were offered PSG and NST. RESULT: OSA was diagnosed in 4 (11.4%) of the 35 pregnant women who underwent PSG. Three (75%) had fetal heart decelerations accompanying maternal desaturation. The neonates of women diagnosed with OSA had lower mean Apgar scores and birth weights compared with neonates of women without OSA. Three neonates from the women diagnosed with OSA were admitted to the newborn healthcare unit. CONCLUSION: OSA in pregnancy has important maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnant women should be assessed for symptoms of OSA and suspected cases should be offered PSG.
Subject(s)
Cardiotocography , Pregnancy Complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Apgar Score , Cohort Studies , Female , Heart Rate, Fetal , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Polysomnography , Pregnancy , Pregnancy OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To determine the levels of oxidative stress markers in pregnant women who snore and compare with non-snoring pregnant women. Fetal outcome of these 2 groups was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, case control study. Some 40 pregnant women who snored and 43 non-snoring pregnant women were evaluated. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels of the 2 groups were studied. Infant birthweight, Apgar scores, and other indicators of fetal outcome were obtained. RESULTS: The mean level of GSH-Px was significantly lower in the pregnant women who snored (p=0.005), while the mean level of MDA was significantly higher in this group (p=0.005). Levels of MPO were comparable between the groups (p>0.05). The pregnant women who snored did not have infants with evidence of an increase in compromised outcome. CONCLUSION: Although the pregnant women who snored had high levels of MDA, they did not appear to be at increased risk for delivering infants with fetal compromise.
