Polypropylene composite hernia mesh with anti-adhesion layer composed of polycaprolactone and oxidized regenerated cellulose.

Hernia surgeries are at the top of the general surgery operations. However, visceral adhesion, which is one of the worst complications of these operations, is still a major problem. One of the most preferred methods to prevent adhesion is the use of biomaterials. Polypropylene (PP) mesh is frequently preferred product in clinical applications owing to its mechanically robust structure against deformation within the body. However, PP meshes do not have anti-adhesive properties. Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC), on the other hand, is one of the most preferred products in preventing the adhesion in clinical use. ORC is not easily processable due to solubility limitations; and it must be used externally. In this study, for the first time, we designed a composite mesh structure with ORC and produced an antibacterial and anti-adhesive double-sided mesh by electro-spinning ORC micro-particles with poly(ε­caprolactone) (PCL) on PP mesh to form a composite structure. We conducted in vitro cell culture studies to determine bio-compatibility performances. We evaluated the anti-adhesion and comprehensive bio-compatibility studies through in vivo experiments. The results revealed that ORC presence and optimization of ORC degradation by coating with PCL play an important role in adhesion prevention and introduced a product prototype with efficient anti-adhesion properties.

Progesterone receptor expression in fibromuscular dysplasia: A report of two unusual cases.

Fibromuscular dysplasia is rarely biopsied. Progesterone receptor expression in myofibroblastic cells is useful for the histopathological evaluation in difficult-to-diagnose cases. Herein, we report two unusual cases of fibromuscular dysplasia in which progesterone receptor expression was shown in vessel sections.

The role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of distal lateral subungual onychomycosis.

Recently dermoscopic patterns, that can be useful in the diagnosis of distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis, were identified. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the defined patterns so far and additionally to identify other patterns that were observed and to investigate the place of these patterns in the diagnosis of Distal Lateral Subungual Onychomycosis (DLSO) in the dermoscopic examination of the patients with pre-diagnosis of DLSO. Patients admitted dermatology outpatient clinic of Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of nail disturbance suspicious for DLSO (97 patients) between the August 2015 and February 2016. Clinical and dermoscopic photographs of the cases with a pre-diagnosis of DLSO were taken and their nails were cut for pathological examination and culture. In hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid schiff examination, hyphe and/or spore were observed in 134 (65.4%) and fungal growth was detected in 99 (48.3%) of the nail samples. As a result of logistic regression model analysis, the p values of the 'ruin appearance', 'homogeneous leukonychia', 'punctate leukonychia', and 'black discoloration' patterns preserved their statistical significance (p = 0.015, p = 0.009, p = 0.026, p = 0.040, respectively). We believe that in nail disorders clinically resembling DLSO patients, the presence of dermoscopic patterns of ruin appearance, homogenous leuconychia, punctate leuconychia, and black discoloration strongly supports the clinical diagnosis of DLSO.

Evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of homosalate (HMS) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (OD-PABA) in rat pups during the prenatal, lactation, and early postnatal periods.

Homosalate (HMS) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (OD-PABA) are ultraviolet filters. We aimed to investigate the effects of dermal exposure to HMS and OD-PABA during the prenatal, lactation, and early infancy periods on pubertal development and thyroid function in male and female rats. The thyroid glands, uteri, testes, prostate glands, and seminal vesicles were excised and weighed, the reproductive organs were analyzed histologically, and the serum hormone levels were measured. In the prenatal period, the thyroxine (T4) levels increased in the female rats in the exposed groups ( p < 0.05); the thyroid weights, reproductive organ weights, and gonadal hormone levels were not altered. In males, the testosterone levels decreased ( p < 0.05), but the thyroid weights, T4 levels, prostate, and testis weights were not changed. In the lactation period, the weights of the thyroid glands increased in the exposed female groups ( p < 0.05), but the T4, gonadal hormone levels, and reproductive organ weights were not changed. In the males, the thyroid gland weights, T4 levels, reproductive organ weights, and gonadal hormone levels were not changed. During infancy, the thyroid gland weights increased in the female rats in the exposed groups ( p < 0.05), but the T4 levels, gonadal hormone levels, and reproductive organ weights were not affected. In the male rats in the exposed groups, the T4 levels were increased ( p < 0.05), but the thyroid and reproductive organ weights, gonadal hormone levels were not affected. Organ histopathology was not affected in all groups. HMS and OD-PABA do not have endocrine disruptor effects on thyroid function and the pubertal development of female and male rats.

Adrenal mass of unusual etiology: Ewing sarcoma in a young man.

Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor belong to the Ewing sarcoma (ES) family of tumors originating from a primitive neural tube. We report a 31-year-old man who was admitted to the urology clinic with complaints of fever, nausea, and dysuria. A right-sided adrenal mass was detected during ultrasonography. The lesion was then evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging, which showed areas of necrosis amid heterogeneous solid areas. Whole body scan with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography and bone scan studies showed pulmonary and osseous metastatic foci. The mass and right kidney were removed by an open approach. An immunohistochemical and molecular workup enabled the diagnosis of ES. The patient also underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient remained in fairly good health during the 18-month follow-up period, but showed progression of all metastatic foci and died 26 months after treatment. In conclusion, adrenal ES should be included in the differential diagnosis of nonfunctional adrenal lesions despite its rare occurrence.

A Polypropylene-Integrated Bilayer Composite Mesh with Bactericidal and Antiadhesive Efficiency for Hernia Operations.

Polypropylene (PP) mesh has been widely used in hernia fixation operations for more than one hundred years, and peritoneal adhesion is still one of the main complications after hernia fixation operations. For preventing peritoneal adhesion, many solutions have been offered, including gel systems, adhesion barrier membranes, and bilayer meshes. Among these, bilayer meshes come to the forefront as they serve for both hernia repair and adhesion prevention. In this study, we developed an easy and effective method to produce a multifunctional PP-integrated bilayer mesh composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan with no need for neutralization. We made the composite mesh by electrospinning a layer onto the PP mesh. We evaluated the material characteristics, in vitro bactericidal activities, and interactions between the cells and materials. Then, we conducted in vivo efficiency studies. The results proved that the PP-integrated bilayer composite mesh is bactericidal against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, is tissue-compatible, and supremely prevents adhesion.

Is DOG1 really useful in the diagnosis of salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma? - A DOG1 (clone K9) analysis in fine needle aspiration cell blocks and the review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: DOG1 is a transmembrane protein originally "discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumors," works as a calcium-activated chloride channel protein. There is a limited number of studies on the potential usage of this antibody in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors on routine practice in cell blocks. The aim of this study was to search for the usefulness of K9 clone in oncocytic type tumors and review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic materials of predominantly oncocytic morphology salivary gland tumors; acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) (n = 8), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 2), pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (n = 22), Warthin tumor (WT) (n = 20), myoepithelioma (ME) (n = 5), benign oncocytoma (BeO) (n = 3), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (n = 7), mammary analog salivary gland carcinoma (n = 2) were immunostained with DOG1 (clone K9) stain. RESULTS: Of the 8 AciCCs, 7 were observed apical-luminal positive staining, demonstrating 1-3 + intensity, and involving 40-70% of the tumor cells. One MEC of 7 (14%), 1 ME of 5 (20%), and 4 PA of 22 (18%) showed weak (1+) cytoplasmic granular staining in 5-10% of the tumor cells. Pure oncocytic neoplasms (WT, BeO) showed no expression with DOG1-K9. CONCLUSIONS: FNA is a common tool in the diagnosis and management of salivary gland tumors. DOG1-K9 clone was very useful with a unique staining pattern of apical-luminal positivity in the differential diagnosis of AciCC from other oncocytic salivary gland tumors.