[Hygienic aspects of the use of LED light sources for general illumination in schools].

For the time present becoming more common semiconductor sources of artificial lighting has become a more and more frequent practice. With the aim to study the impact of LEDs on the health of schoolchildren studies in experimental conditions (specially equipped classrooms) were performed. The comparative analysis of the state of vision, mental health and emotional state of pupils in primary, middle and high schools under fluorescent and LED lighting, meeting to the regulatory requirements, has revealed that the physiological cost of schooling in the use of LED units in classrooms is lower than in a traditional, fluorescent lighting.

[Health-preserving capacities of pedagogical technologies].

The hygienic evaluation of pedagogical technology for teaching under the active sensory-developing environment and the Intellect technology showed that their implementation caused a reduction in the fatiguing effect of an educational load, by optimizing the organization of a teaching process and enhancing the functional capacities of pupils.

[Hygienic assessment of innovation procedures for lesson scheduling at school].

Hygienic assessment has established that education, by using innovation procedures for school lesson scheduling, diminishes the weariness of a schooling load and optimizes the pupils' psychosomatic status and school routine.

[Hygienic requirements for work organization of full-day schools].

Physiological and hygienic studies under the conditions of a natural hygienic experiment were conducted to examine different variants of the organization of work of new types of general educational establishments--full-day schools. Over 580 pupils from 5 full-day schools were followed up. Organization of teaching children at full-day schools was found to mainly correspond to the age-related capabilities of pupils from primary and secondary classes. Of vital importance for maintenance of mental performance, good emotional and psychosomatic states are the organization of the intraschool environment, including a school plot, as well as the conditions for realization of additional education, motor activity of children, and recess. Health keeping in pupils from full-day schools is favored by the reduction in the duration of lessons to 35 minutes and day sleep for first-form children, the decrease in the number of pupils in a class, outdoor physical exercises in the middle of a school day (a primary school) and strolls after lessons, three meals a day, balanced additional education, medicopsychological accompaniment, optimization of studies and rest in children during a school year.

[Current problems of school education and ways of its hygienic optimization].

The aim of the study was to analyse effects of various innovative forms of school education on the health status and functional abilities of children and adolescents. Enhanced academic loads are shown to be the most unfavourable factor of the school environment. The main consequences of excess teaching load are shortened motor and outdoor activities of the children, smaller duration of night sleep. Optimization of academic routine (alternation of studies and holidays), modular structure of school calendar might help to reduce fatigue during school hours. Hygienic estimates of different variants of specialized education are obtained. Scientifically sound hygienic requirements are proposed to be applied to the organization of academic activities in a new type of educational institutions, full-day schools.

[Modern military school education sociomedical analysis].

The sociomedical status of senior military school students was studied, by examining the formed stereotype of a healthy lifestyle, spiritual and patriotic values, as well as physical health indices. It was established that among the significant spiritual and patriotic values, most (62.3%) cadets reported love for their country in the first three places: 68.4% of the schoolchildren called physical health; 47.6% put a readiness at defending the motherland in the first three places while 53.9% named physical health. Psychoemotional studies revealed a low level of anxiety and neurotization in the cadets than in the schoolchildren. Physical health studies (hand muscle strength, vital capacity, hypoxic resistance) indicated that the senior military school students had higher fitness than the general educational school children. These differences in the physical health indices of the adolescents are chiefly associated with the greater attention given by the cadets to their physical education than that shown by the general educational schoolchildren.

[Hygiene of contemporary preschool education]. / Gigienicheskie problemy sovremennogo doshkol'nogo vospitaniia.

The case study deals with the health status of children at preschool educational facilities as observed in the 80-ies of the last century and early in the new century; besides, an elaboration of hygienic regulations applicable to the training-and-education effects produced on organisms of contemporary trainees of such facilities for as long as 3 to 7 years with due respect to the education modernization campaign (now underway in the country) is in the focus of attention.

[Substantiation of optimal education-training load for preschool children 3-4 years of age]. / Obosnovanie optimal'noi uchebno-vospitatel'noi nagruzki dlia doshkol'nikov 3-4 let.

The study was undertaken to make a sanitary regulation of educational and training load in junior and middle group preschool children of general children's educational institutions (CEIs). Experts' assessment was chosen to study the impact of regular educational and training load on the child's functional status. The experts were tutors and methodologists of CEIs (n = 186). The study has revealed the optimum number of lessons a day and a week, their duration and ratio in the weekly curriculum of lessons that are different in nature and showed it necessary to determine a vacation in the middle of a school year and to reduce the number of children in a group.

[Health problems of school education reform]. / Gigienicheskie problemy reformirovaniia shkol'nogo obrazovaniia.

The paper deals with impact of educational load in pupils at present general educational establishments on their health. The great total educational load in them was found to violate the schoolchildren's routine. This more frequently forms inadequate physiological responses, develops neurotic disorders. The incidence of chronic diseases is higher in children going to new-type schools. The findings provide evidence for some medical and organizational measures to promote schoolchildren's health.

[Effect of tutorial computer lessons on the functional status of 7-13 years old children]. / Vliianie vneuchebnykh zaniatii s kompíuterom na funtsionalnoe sostoianie organizma detei 7-13 let.

First- and fifth-year pupils experience the greatest difficulties in adaptation to computer activity. The most tiresome for pupils are computer games, computer programming ranks second. Mixed type lessons are the most favourable for functional state of pupils.

[The physiological and hygienic problems of the computerization of school instruction]. / Fiziologicheskie i gigienicheskie problemy komp'iuterizatsii shkol'nogo obucheniia.

The paper gives the findings of the long-term computer study of the influence of the lessons with computer on the functional state of schoolchildren of different ages. Regularities in the change of the working capacity and the functional state of children under the influence of computer lessons have been determined. It has been shown that the adaptation to computer activity takes place according to age. Schoolchildren aged 7 and 10-11 years have a lot of difficulties in adaptation. The degree of fatigue depends on the conditions of the lessons with computer, on the display type, duration, maintenance and regime of the lessons. The differential hygienic regulations of the optimum continuous duration of the lessons with computer during educational and extra educational time.

[Effect of the curriculum including the computer use on work capacity and health status of older schoolchildren]. / Vozdeistvie uchebnykh zaniatii s primeneniem komp'iuterov na rabotosposobnost' i samochuvstvie uchashchikhsia starshikh klassov.

Formation of computer skills + of pupils is one of the most acute tasks for school today. The relationship between the functional state of the central nervous system, visual analyser and efficiency of pupils with age, have been established. Motivation for work with the computer and quality of the computer video-terminal has been established. Questionnaires given to about 500 pupils have shown that the majority of pupils show an interest to working with computers: 82.5% of 13-14-year old and 70% of 16-17-year old adolescents. Efficiency of pupils becomes more stable with age. The highest number of astheno-neurotic tic symptoms and fatigue complaints are registered in pupils with a low interest to working with computers, as well as in pupils dealing with computers of low quality (of the type Personal Computer 0010). Duration of pupils' work with computers should be no longer than 30 minutes.