[Enteral therapeutic nutrition in the complex therapy and prevention of diseases]. / Enteral'noe pitanie v kompleksnoi terapii i profilaktike zabolevanii.

Baseline nutritional impairments, patient's malnutrition, and inadequate correction of metabolic disorders considerably reduce the effects of therapeutic measures, increase the risk of septic and infectious complications, negatively influence the hospital length of stay, increase mortality rates. Concomitant and profound disorders of metabolic homeostasis system in various diseases and critical conditions dictate a multi-component approach to the correction of metabolic disorders requiring specially chosen nutrient compositions and the routes of their administration. The development of currently available nutritional formulae was based on the theory of balanced nutrition reflecting the physiological requirements in nutrients and calories of a healthy person, and also taking into account specific features of pathogenesis, clinical course, disease stage, the nature and extent of metabolic disorders, functional condition of the gastrointestinal tract, the effects of specific nutrients on the intensity of metabolic processes. Nutrition adapted to the patient's disease and the digestive tract functional condition provided by diets containing specific nutrients (arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids) has a number of advantages over standard nutritional formulae, and poses a directed therapeutic effect. The nutritional formulae "Nutrien" are represented by the standard ("Nutrien Standard"), and semi-elemental ("Nutrien Elemental") formulae, as well as by the formulae of directed effect ("Nutrien Hepa", "Nutrien Nephro", "Nutrien Pulmo", "Nutrien Diabet", "Nutrien Immun").

[Effect of milk proteins and their enzymatic hydrolyzates on non-specific resistance of some systems to food allergens]. / Vliianie belkov moloka i poluchennykh na ikh osnove fermentativnykh gidrolizatov na sostoianie nekotorykh sistem, obespechivaiushchikh nespetsificheskuiu rezistentnost k pishchevym allergiziruiushchim vozdeistviiam.

Noninbred male guinea-pigs (b. mass 250-300 g) were kept for 35 days on diets in which 50% of standard proteins were replaced for cow milk protein (CMP) 20/80 and its enzymatic hydrolyzate (EH) 20/80 obtained by ultrafiltration. CMP 20/80 and EH 20/80 have been examined for the effect on proteolytic activity of gastric mucosa, small intestinal activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin, hepatic cytochrome P-450 and metabolism of excreted 17-OCS. The animals given EH 20/80 exhibited enhanced total proteolytic activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin, higher total levels of cytochromes P-450 and P-450B in the liver, increased urine excretion of 17-OCS, reduced amount of polar forms in all the glucocorticoid fractions. Potential mechanisms securing the action of enzymatic hydrolyzates on the systems responsible for nonspecific resistance to food allergens are suggested for discussion.