In situ growth of well-dispersed CdS nanocrystals in semiconducting polymers.

A straight synthetic route to fabricate hybrid nanocomposite films of well-dispersed CdS nanocrystals (NCs) in poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) is reported. A soluble cadmium complex [Cd(SBz)2]2·MI, obtained by incorporating a Lewis base (1-methylimidazole, MI) on the cadmium bis(benzyl)thiol, is used as starting reagent in an in situ thermolytic process. CdS NCs with spherical shape nucleate and grow well below 200°C in a relatively short time (30 min). Photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements performed on CdS/MEH-PPV nanocomposites show that CdS photoluminescence peaks are totally quenched inside MEH-PPV, if compared to CdS/PMMA nanocomposites, as expected due to overlapping of the polymer absorption and CdS emission spectra. The CdS NCs are well-dispersed in size and homogeneously distributed within MEH-PPV matrix as proved by transmission electron microscopy. Nanocomposites with different precursor/polymer weight ratios were prepared in the range from 1:4 to 4:1. Highly dense materials, without NCs clustering, were obtained for a weight/weight ratio of 2:3 between precursor and polymer, making these nanocomposites particularly suitable for optoelectronic and solar energy conversion applications.

Strawberry proteome characterization and its regulation during fruit ripening and in different genotypes.

Strawberry is worldwide appreciated for its unique flavour and as a source of macronutrients and high levels of antioxidants which are closely related to fruit ripening. We report the investigation of the complex physiological processes of strawberry fruit ripening at proteomic level. Multiple approaches were used to investigate strawberry fruit proteome. In particular, a proteome reference map of strawberry fruit from Queen Elisa élite genotype was achieved by 2-D analyses of proteins extracted from berries at immature, turning and red stages to isolate a set of proteins commonly present in fruit during ripening. In addition, several hundreds of proteins were identified by a combination of multidimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and one dimensional SDS-PAGE coupled with nano-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. DIGE technology was also used to identify differentially accumulated proteins during ripening and to correlate fruit protein expression with quality traits of the reference variety Queen Elisa and its parental genotypes. A number of constitutive or differentially accumulated proteins were found. Generally, the pattern of protein expression as well as the putative function of identified proteins argues for a role in major fruit physiological developmental and ripening processes. The role of some of the identified proteins is discussed in relation to strawberry fruit ripening and to quality traits. Consequently, this study provides the first characterization of the strawberry fruit proteome and the time course of variation during maturation by using multiple approaches.