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1.
Radiat Res ; 171(6): 743-51, 2009 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19580481

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate DNA damage in human dermal fibroblasts from a healthy subject and from a subject affected by Turner's syndrome that were exposed for 24 h to radiofrequency (RF) radiation at 900 MHz. The RF-radiation exposure was carried out alone or in combination with 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a well-known environmental mutagen and carcinogen produced during the chlorination of drinking water. Turner's syndrome fibroblasts were also exposed for a shorter time (1 h). A signal similar to that emitted by Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phones was used at a specific absorption rate of 1 W/kg under strictly controlled conditions of temperature and dosimetry. To evaluate DNA damage after RF-radiation exposure alone, the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay were used. In the combined-exposure experiments, MX was given at a concentration of 25 microM for 1 h immediately after the RF-radiation exposure, and the effects were evaluated by the alkaline comet assay. The results revealed no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects from RF radiation alone in either cell line. As expected, MX treatment induced an increase in DNA migration in the comet assay, but no enhancement of the MX-induced DNA damage was observed in the cells exposed to RF radiation.


Subject(s)
DNA Damage , DNA/radiation effects , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/radiation effects , Furans/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , Radio Waves/adverse effects , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/radiation effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell Survival/radiation effects , Cells, Cultured , Comet Assay , DNA/drug effects , Humans , Micronucleus Tests , Temperature , Turner Syndrome/genetics , Turner Syndrome/pathology
2.
Radiat Res ; 170(3): 327-34, 2008 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18763855

ABSTRACT

In this study, the induction of apoptosis after exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (GSM signal) was investigated by assessing caspase 3 activation in exponentially growing Jurkat cells and in quiescent and proliferating human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The exposure was carried out at an average specific absorption rate of 1.35 W/kg in a dual wire patch cell exposure system where the temperature of cell cultures was accurately controlled. After 1 h exposure to the radiofrequency field, a slight but statistically significant increase in caspase 3 activity, measured 6 h after exposure, was observed in Jurkat cells (32.4%) and in proliferating human PBLs (22%). In contrast, no effect was detected in quiescent human PBLs. In the same experimental conditions, apoptosis was also evaluated in Jurkat cells by Western blot analysis and in both cell types by flow cytometry. To evaluate late effects due to caspase 3 activity, flow cytometry was also employed to assess apoptosis and viability 24 h after radiofrequency-radiation exposure in both cell types. Neither the former nor the latter was affected. Since in recent years it has been reported that caspases are also involved in processes other than apoptosis, additional cell cycle studies were carried out on proliferating T cells exposed to radiofrequency radiation; however, we found no differences between sham-exposed and exposed cultures. Further studies are warranted to investigate the biological significance of our findings of a dose-response increase in caspase 3 activity after exposure to radiofrequency radiation.


Subject(s)
Caspase 3/metabolism , Cell Phone , Cell Proliferation/radiation effects , Lymphocytes/enzymology , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Microwaves , Animals , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Cell Line , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Enzyme Activation/radiation effects , Humans , Jurkat Cells , Lymphocytes/cytology , Radiation Dosage
3.
Bioelectromagnetics ; 29(3): 177-84, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18027845

ABSTRACT

In the present study the third generation wireless technology of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) signal was investigated for the induction of genotoxic effects in human leukocytes. Peripheral blood from six healthy donors was used and, for each donor, intermittent exposures (6 min RF on, 2 h RF off) at the frequency of 1950 MHz were conducted at a specific absorption rate of 2.2 W/kg. The exposures were performed in a transverse electro magnetic (TEM) cell hosted in an incubator under strictly controlled conditions of temperature and dosimetry. Following long duration intermittent RF exposures (from 24 to 68 h) in different stages of the cell cycle, micronucleus formation was evaluated by applying the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay, which also provides information on cell division kinetics. Primary DNA damage (strand breaks/alkali labile sites) was also investigated following 24 h of intermittent RF exposures, by applying the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG)/comet assay. Positive controls were included by treating cell cultures with Mitomycin-C and methylmethanesulfonate for micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The results obtained indicate that intermittent exposures of human lymphocytes in different stages of cell cycle do not induce either an increase in micronucleated cells, or change in cell cycle kinetics; moreover, 24 h intermittent exposures also fail to affect DNA structure of human leukocytes soon after the exposures, likely indicating that repairable DNA damage was not induced.


Subject(s)
Cell Phone , DNA Damage , DNA/genetics , DNA/radiation effects , Leukocytes/physiology , Leukocytes/radiation effects , Microwaves , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Environmental Exposure , Humans , Mutagenicity Tests , Radiation Dosage , Radio Waves
4.
Health Phys ; 92(4): 349-57, 2007 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17351499

ABSTRACT

Emerging technologies are considering the possible use of Terahertz radiation in different fields ranging from telecommunications to biology and biomedicine. The study of the potential effects of Terahertz radiation on biological systems is therefore an important issue in order to safely develop a variety of applications. This paper describes a pilot study devoted to determine if Terahertz radiation could induce genotoxic effects in human peripheral blood leukocytes. For this purpose, human whole blood samples from healthy donors were exposed for 20 min to Terahertz radiation. Since, to our knowledge, this is the first study devoted to the evaluation of possible genotoxic effects of such radiation, different electromagnetic conditions were considered. In particular, the frequencies of 120 and 130 GHz were chosen: the first one was tested at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.4 mW g-1, while the second one was tested at SAR levels of 0.24, 1.4, and 2 mW g-1. Chromosomal damage was evaluated by means of the cytokinesis block micronucleus technique, which also gives information on cell cycle kinetics. Moreover, human whole blood samples exposed to 130 GHz at SAR levels of 1.4 and 2 mW g-1 were also tested for primary DNA damage by applying the alkaline comet assay immediately after exposure. The results obtained indicate that THz exposure, in the explored electromagnetic conditions, is not able to induce either genotoxicity or alteration of cell cycle kinetics in human blood cells from healthy subjects.


Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Human/radiation effects , DNA/radiation effects , Leukocytes/radiation effects , Pilot Projects , Radio Waves/adverse effects , Chromosomes, Human/genetics , Cytogenetics/methods , DNA/genetics , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Humans , Leukocytes/cytology , Micronucleus Tests/methods
5.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 386(5): 1267-72, 2006 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16841207

ABSTRACT

This paper describes an innovative integrated micro flow cytometer that presents a new arrangement for the excitation/detection system. The sample liquid, containing the fluorescent marked particles/cells under analysis, is hydrodynamically squeezed into a narrow stream by two sheath flows so that the particles/cells flow individually through a detection region. The detection of the particles/cells emitted fluorescence is carried out by using a collection fiber placed orthogonally to the flow. The device is based on silicon hollow core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). ARROW geometry allows one to use the same channel to guide both the sample stream and the fluorescence excitation light, leading to a simplification of the optical configuration and to an increase of the signal-to-noise ratio. The integrated micro flow cytometer has been characterized by using biological samples marked with standard fluorochromes. The experimental investigation confirms the success of the proposed microdevice in the detection of cells.


Subject(s)
Flow Cytometry/instrumentation , Silicon/chemistry , Electrodes , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Fiber Optic Technology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Temperature
6.
Bioelectromagnetics ; 27(2): 159-62, 2006 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16342194

ABSTRACT

The effect of exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field on a human T-leukaemia cell line (Jurkat) was investigated by evaluating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, both spontaneous and induced by a specific anti Fas/CD95 monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas). Our results suggest that 1 h intermittent (5 min field on/10 min field off) exposure does not affect ROS formation, while a slight but statistically significant decrease of both spontaneous and anti-Fas-induced apoptosis was observed.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/physiology , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Electromagnetic Fields , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Oxidative Stress/radiation effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Humans , Jurkat Cells
7.
Bioelectromagnetics ; 26(4): 258-65, 2005 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15832336

ABSTRACT

Human peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers have been employed to investigate the induction of genotoxic effects following 2 h exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation. The GSM signal has been studied at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.3 and 1 W/kg. The exposures were carried out in a waveguide system under strictly controlled conditions of both dosimetry and temperature. The same temperature conditions (37.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C) were realized in a second waveguide, employed to perform sham exposures. The induction of DNA damage was evaluated in leukocytes by applying the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay, while structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were evaluated in lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Alterations in kinetics of cell proliferation were determined by calculating the mitotic index. Positive controls were also provided by using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) for comet assay and mitomycin-C (MMC), for chromosome aberration, or sister chromatid exchange tests. No statistically significant differences were detected in exposed samples in comparison with sham exposed ones for all the parameters investigated. On the contrary, the positive controls gave a statistically significant increase in DNA damage in all cases, as expected. Thus the results obtained in our experimental conditions do not support the hypothesis that 900 MHz radiofrequency field exposure induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes in this range of SAR.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human/radiation effects , DNA Damage , DNA/radiation effects , Leukocytes/pathology , Leukocytes/radiation effects , Microwaves/adverse effects , Cell Phone , Cells, Cultured , Chromosomes, Human/genetics , DNA/genetics , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Humans , Radiation Dosage
8.
Toxicol Lett ; 147(1): 79-85, 2004 Feb 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14700531

ABSTRACT

3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), the potent bacterial mutagen produced during chlorination of drinking water, was tested for the induction of oxidative stress in two murine cell lines: NIH 3T3 (fibroblasts) and L929 (fibrosarcoma cells). Following 1 h MX treatment at concentrations between 100 and 1000 microM, cellular stress conditions were monitored by measuring reactive oxygen species formation (ROS) and reduced glutathione levels (GSH). The kinetics of ROS formation and GSH depletion was investigated from 10 min to 1 h. MX caused detachment of cells at 1000 microM in L929 cells and at 300 microM in NIH 3T3 cells but the viability of the cells, measured by the trypan blue assay, decreased only by 20 and 7%, respectively, in 1h. MX increased ROS production in L929 cells in a dose-dependent manner, by 120% at 500 microM of MX in 1 h. The maximum ROS production was attained already in 10min. In NIH 3T3 cells, the ROS production was slightly, but not statistically significantly stimulated at 200 microM between 20 and 60 min. Concomitantly, MX decreased the intracellular content of GSH dose-dependently in both cell lines, by 48% in L929 cells at 500 microM of MX and 32% in NIH 3T3 cells at 200 microM of MX in one hour. The majority of this GSH depletion had occurred in 10 min. These findings indicate that MX induces oxidative stress in mammalian cells in vitro though the sensitivity of cells may differ for this effect.


Subject(s)
Furans/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Animals , Cell Survival/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fibrosarcoma/drug therapy , Fibrosarcoma/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Mice , NIH 3T3 Cells/drug effects , NIH 3T3 Cells/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis
9.
Radiat Res ; 160(2): 152-8, 2003 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12859225

ABSTRACT

In the present study, we investigated the induction of genotoxic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to electromagnetic fields used in mobile communication systems (frequency 900 MHz). For this purpose, the incidence of micronuclei was evaluated by applying the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Cytotoxicity was also investigated using the cytokinesis-block proliferation index. The experiments were performed on peripheral blood from 20 healthy donors, and several conditions were tested by varying the duration of exposure, the specific absorption rate (SAR), and the signal [continuous-wave (CW) or GSM (Global System of Mobile Communication) modulated signal]. The following exposures were carried out: (1) CW intermittent exposure (SAR = 1.6 W/kg) for 6 min followed by a 3-h pause (14 on/off cycles); (2) GSM signal, intermittent exposure as described in (1); (3) GSM signal, intermittent exposure as described in (1) 24 h before stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (8 on/off cycles); (4) GSM signal, intermittent exposure (SAR = 0.2 W/kg) 1 h per day for 3 days. The SARs were estimated numerically. No statistically significant differences were detected in any case in terms of either micronucleus frequency or cell cycle kinetics.


Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/pathology , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Radio Waves , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Cell Cycle/radiation effects , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Division/radiation effects , Cell Phone , Cells, Cultured , Cytochalasin B , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Male , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/radiation effects , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/ultrastructure , Micronucleus Tests/methods , Middle Aged , Mutagenicity Tests/methods , Radiation Dosage
10.
J Biol Phys ; 29(2-3): 171-6, 2003 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23345833

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study is toinvestigate the genotoxic effect of THzradiation in human peripheral bloodlymphocytes following 20 minutes exposureto 1 mW average power Free Electron Laserradiation in the frequency range 120-140GHz. For this purpose 9 healthy donors wereemployed and cytokinesis block techniquewas applied to study micronucleusfrequency and cell proliferation. Theresults obtained indicate that all theelectromagnetic conditions adopted so far do not alter the investigated parameters,suggesting absence of direct chromosomaldamage and alteration of cell cyclekinetics (two tailed paired Student's test:p> 0.05 in all cases).

11.
Bioelectromagnetics ; 20(3): 172-6, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10194559

ABSTRACT

The effect of microwave (f = 10.4 GHz) irradiation on a thermostable enzyme was experimentally tested, showing that irreversible inactivation is obtained. Enzymatic solutions (500 microliters, with concentrations between 10-100 micrograms/ml) were exposed at 70 degrees C, at SAR levels of 1.1 and 1.7 W/g for 15, 30, 45, or 60 min, and their activity was compared to that of a sample heated in a water bath at the same temperature. The residual activity of the exposed samples depends on enzyme concentration, microwave power level, and exposure time; activity was reduced to 10% in 10 micrograms/ml solutions treated at 1.7 W/g for 60 min. Microwave effects disappeared at concentrations above 50 micrograms/ml. These results were not found following water bath heating at the same temperature and durations.


Subject(s)
Hot Temperature , Microwaves , beta-Galactosidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Bacillus/enzymology , Enzyme Stability
12.
Health Phys ; 76(3): 244-50, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10025649

ABSTRACT

In the present study micronucleus induction and cell proliferation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro and exposed to 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields for 72 h at different intensities (1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.05 mT rms) were investigated. The results obtained from 42 healthy donors aged between 26 and 54 y indicate that, for the field intensities tested, no genotoxic effects were found, as assessed by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. On the contrary, cell proliferation, evaluated by the cytokinesis-block proliferation index, was slightly affected by the field at the intensities tested.


Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Magnetics , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/radiation effects , Cell Division/radiation effects , Cells, Cultured , Humans , Lymphocytes/ultrastructure , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/ultrastructure , Micronucleus Tests
13.
Mutat Res ; 403(1-2): 13-20, 1998 Jul 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9726001

ABSTRACT

The genotoxic activity of the pesticides gliphosate, vinclozolin and DPX-E9636 was studied in in vitro cultures of bovine lymphocytes, using chromosome aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies as genetic end-points and a variation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity as a marker of changes in the normal cell redox state. Results indicated a statistically significant increase of structural aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and G6PD activity, suggesting that the pesticides tested induce either oxidative stress or a mutagenic effect in this species. The evaluation of both mitotic index and cell viability, after pesticide exposure, demonstrates a high cytotoxic effect which is always associated with the observed genotoxic effect.


Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/drug effects , Mutagens/toxicity , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Animals , Cattle , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Chromosome Aberrations , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Glycine/toxicity , In Vitro Techniques , Lymphocytes/cytology , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Mitotic Index , Mutagenicity Tests , Oxazoles/toxicity , Oxidation-Reduction , Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Urea/toxicity , Glyphosate
14.
Environ Mol Mutagen ; 32(1): 39-46, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9707097

ABSTRACT

We analyzed chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), mitotic index (MI), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity in human peripheral lymphocytes from three healthy donors exposed in vitro to different concentrations of gliphosate, vinclozolin, atrazine, and DPX-E9636. The pesticides gliphosate, vinclozolin, and atrazine have been studied in a broad range of genetic tests with predominantly conflicting or negative results, whereas little is known about the genotoxicity of DPX-E9636. In our experimental conditions, each chemical compound tested produced a dose-related increase in the percent of aberrant cells and an increase of SCE/cell. Furthermore, at the highest concentrations of vinclozolin, atrazine, and DPX-E9636, we observed a significant reduction of the mitotic index. The increase of G6PD activity in exposed lymphocyte cultures strongly indicated an induction of a pro-oxidant state of the cells as an initial response to pesticide exposure.


Subject(s)
Atrazine/toxicity , Chromosome Aberrations , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Oxazoles/toxicity , Oxidative Stress , Pesticides/toxicity , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Cells, Cultured , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Humans , Lymphocytes/enzymology , Mutagens/toxicity , Oxidants , Sister Chromatid Exchange , Urea/toxicity
15.
Hereditas ; 127(3): 231-8, 1997.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9474905

ABSTRACT

The spontaneous level of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in the sheep, estimated by exposing peripheral blood lymphocytes in 0.1 microgram/ml of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), was 4.08 +/- 2.47 SCE/cell, 2.04 SCE/cell cycle, 0.038 SCE/chromosome. The dose-response relationships, observed by exposing the cells to 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 micrograms/ml of BrdU, rose rapidly from 0.1 to 0.25 microgram/ml, and less rapidly at higher concentrations, thus reaching a saturation level. The analysis of variance, performed on the square root transformed data at 0.1 and 5 micrograms/ml of BrdU, indicated significant differences (P < 0.001) among the four donors tested. The distribution of the SCE/cell frequencies in the cell population of the four donors followed the Poisson 'mixture' probability function, thus confirming previous findings. The spontaneous rate of SCE/cell of sheep is compared with those previously reported for cattle, goat and river buffalo. The theoretical and practical implications of the spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges are discussed in relation to their possible use in animal production for (a) better genetic evaluation of the breeding animals under selection, (b) more precise monitoring of the genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants.


Subject(s)
Buffaloes/genetics , Cattle/genetics , Chromosomes/genetics , Goats/genetics , Sheep/genetics , Sister Chromatid Exchange , Animals , Female , Male , Mitosis
16.
Mutat Res ; 357(1-2): 183-90, 1996 Oct 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8876693

ABSTRACT

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 subjects affected by Turner's syndrome (TS) and aged between 2 and 24 years (mean age 10.40 +/- 6.25) were tested to evaluate the spontaneous and Mitomycin-C-induced (MMC) micronucleus (MN) frequency. A group of 15 healthy subjects, in the same range of age (mean age 14.67 +/- 8.30), was also tested as control. As expected, statistically significant differences between spontaneous and MMC-induced MN were found either in TS and in healthy subjects. Unexpectedly, when the two groups of donors were compared, TS subjects showed a lower spontaneous and MMC-induced MN frequency, in comparison with healthy subjects. Cell proliferation kinetic and cytotoxicity were also measured applying the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI): the results show that MMC, at the employed concentration, does not induce cell cycle delay both in healthy and in TS donors. Whereas, when CBPI from TS and healthy donors were compared, a faster proliferation was found in TS patients in both untreated and MMC-treated cultures.


Subject(s)
Turner Syndrome/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aging , Cell Division/drug effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Aberrations , Female , Humans , Micronucleus Tests , Mitomycin/pharmacology , Mutagens/pharmacology , Turner Syndrome/pathology , Turner Syndrome/physiopathology
17.
Hereditas ; 124(2): 137-43, 1996.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8782434

ABSTRACT

The spontaneous level of sister chromatid exchange (SCEs) in the goat, estimated by exposing peripheral blood lymphocytes to 0.1 microgram/ml of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), was 3.28 +/- 1.71 SCE/cell, 1.64 SCE/cell generation and 0.027 SCE/chromosome. The dose-response curve of SCE/cell, observed by exposing the cells to 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 micrograms/ml of BrdU, rose rapidly from 0.1 to 0.5 microgram/ml, remained fairly stable from 0.5 to 1.0 microgram/ml and rose less rapidly from 1.0 to 5.0 micrograms/ml of BrdU. The frequency distribution of sister chromatid exchanges/cell and that of chromosomes showing various number of exchanges followed the Poisson probability at all BrdU levels; only at 5.0 micrograms/ml of BrdU was the fit found on the border of the 5% probability level. The usefulness of determining the spontaneous level of SCE/cell in domestic animals is discussed in relation to its possible application for a more precise evaluation of the genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants.


Subject(s)
Bromodeoxyuridine , Chromosomes , Goats/genetics , Mitosis/drug effects , Sister Chromatid Exchange , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
18.
Mutat Res ; 306(2): 129-33, 1994 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7512211

ABSTRACT

We exposed human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures to 50 Hz pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) in order to evaluate a possible genotoxic effect of such non-ionizing radiation. The genotoxic effect was evaluated in terms of both micronucleus (MN) induction and classical chromosomal aberrations (CA); the mitotic index (MI) was also calculated. Khalil and Qassem (1991) found chromosomal and chromatid breaks and mitotic delay in human lymphocytes exposed for 24, 48 and 72 h to a field with characteristics similar to those used in our laboratory. These data are in contrast with our results previously reported in terms of MN induction using the cytokinesis block method (Scarfi et al., 1991). In this study lymphocytes from five healthy human donors were examined with the above mentioned tests. No genotoxic effects and increased MI were found in exposed samples compared to the control ones, in agreement with our previous results.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Magnetics , Micronucleus Tests , Cells, Cultured , Humans , Lymphocytes/ultrastructure , Mitotic Index
19.
Cytogenet Cell Genet ; 67(2): 75-80, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8039426

ABSTRACT

High resolution RBA-banding patterns of Dama dama prometaphase chromosomes and their ideograms are presented as models for the definition of the standard RBA-banded karyotype of the species. The haploid set of RBA-banded prometaphase chromosomes, including the X and Y gonosomes, has revealed 527 bands, of which 191 are R-positive, 254 are R-negative and 82 are intermediate.


Subject(s)
Deer/genetics , Karyotyping/veterinary , Animals , Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/veterinary , Chromosome Banding/veterinary , Female , Haploidy , Male
20.
Mutat Res ; 289(2): 291-5, 1993 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7690898

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out in order to set up a standardized quantitative assay for spontaneous micronuclei in bovine lymphocytes. For this purpose the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) method, originally proposed by Fenech and Morley (1985) for human lymphocytes, was applied to peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20 healthy cows of Italian Friesian breed. The results demonstrate that the optimal concentration of cytochalasin B to obtain the highest frequency of binucleated cells (mean = 400.26 +/- 23.76/1000 cells scored) was 6 micrograms/ml. The baseline frequency of spontaneous MN formation in 500 binucleated cells was 12.3 +/- 4.1, i.e., 3 times higher than that reported in human lymphocytes (Fenech and Morley, 1985; Scarfi et al., 1991). The possible reason(s) for this difference (sensitivity to cytochalasin B, chromosome number, environmental genotoxic pollutants) is discussed.


Subject(s)
Cell Division/drug effects , Cytochalasin B/pharmacology , Micronucleus Tests/methods , Animals , Cattle , Female , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocytes
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