Adherence to social distancing measures in southern Brazil, 2020/2021: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures. Fisher's exact test (5% significance) was used to calculate the differences in prevalence according to exposure variables. RESULTS: Among the 2,170 participants over the age of 18, the prevalence of adherence to social distancing was 18.5%. Adherence was significantly higher among women; older adults; single, divorced, or widowed people with a low educational level; people of lower socioeconomic status; and people affected by multiple chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: Approximately one in five respondents adhered to measures of social distancing, and adherence was more prevalent among the risk groups.

Association between job lost and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of food insecurity as mediator of this relationship.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.

Infodemic and sources of information about COVID-19 in a Brazilian population: what are the associated factors?

BACKGROUND: With the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation, and information search have increased dramatically. This increased search for information about the Coronavirus, called infodemic, was greatly affected by fake news and information without scientific evidence. This article aimed to assess the infodemic amid the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables, as well as describe the main sources from which people obtained information about COVID-19. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was performed in Criciúma, Brazil. All individuals aged 18 years or older, residing in the 607 households systematically selected, were invited to answer the questionnaire. Infodemic and sources to seek information about COVID-19 were evaluated, as well as sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables. Adjusted Poisson regression with robust variance was used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: A total of 863 individuals participated in the study. The prevalence of infodemic was 22.1%, and television was the main source of information (58.9%). Three groups presented a higher prevalence of infodemic: older adults (PR: 1.65), individuals with low income (PR: 2.97), and those who had had contact with someone infected (PR: 2.20). CONCLUSIONS: The findings reflect how some groups are more exposed to infodemic, and underline the responsibility and importance of intersectoral actions for dissemination of information about COVID-19.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.6% of cases; in the adjusted analysis, IPVP remained associated with physical, psychological and social relationship domains; pregnant women who experienced IPVP had a reduction in their QOL score by 9.77, 11.07 and 8.95 points, respectively, when compared to those who did not experience IPVP. CONCLUSION: IPVP was associated with poorer QOL in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains. Health services equipped to address and prevent violence against pregnant women are essential. MAIN RESULTS: Intimate partner violence (IPV) was observed in 13.6% of pregnant women and was associated with poorer quality of life in the physical, psychological and social relationship domains. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The results emphasize the need for an intersectoral approach in addressing the issue, with specialized healthcare centers for situations of violence integrated with social assistance and public security. PERSPECTIVES: Development of intersectoral policies and actions that strengthen existing ones and ensure social and healthcare assistance to pregnant women victims of violence and their children, given the negative impact of IPVP on quality of life.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and mental health of pregnant women from the South of Brazil.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and the mental health of pregnant women from the South of Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Criciúma, Brazil, through face-to-face interviews, from April to December 2022. Pregnant women aged 18 or older who underwent prenatal care in the forty-eight basic health care units of the municipality and who were in their third trimester of pregnancy were included. High consumption of UPF was considered as six or more items or subgroups of UPF consumed on the day before the interview, using the Nova-UPF screener. The mental health variables were depressive symptoms, stress, sadness and anxiety. Crude and adjusted analyses were conducted using the Fisher's exact test and the Poisson regression with robust variance. In total, 428 pregnant women were studied; most of them were aged between 20 and 25 years and were white. Pregnant women who presented high consumption of UPF were 1·42-fold (95 % CI 1·06, 1·92) more likely to experience anxiety and presented a prevalence 56 % (95 % CI 1·18, 2·07) higher of stress when compared with those who did not present high consumption of UPF. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and feelings of sadness was 1·31-fold (95 % CI 1·08, 1·60) and 3·41-fold (95 % CI 1·77, 6·58) higher among those with high consumption of UPF, respectively. The results suggest that diet quality is associated with the mental health of pregnant women. Promoting joint actions focused on food and nutritional education, and mental health, for pregnant women, is necessary.

Condições de vida, trabalho e saúde de pescadores artesanais / Living, working and health conditions of artisanal fishing workers / Condiciones de vida, trabajo y salud de los pescadores artesanos

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar condições de vida, trabalho e saúde dos pescadores artesanais em um município do Sul do Brasil. É um estudo descritivo que incluiu trabalhadores de pesca com 18 anos ou mais. A entrevista foi realizada face a face e o questionário aplicado era único e padronizado. Continha informações sociodemográficas, condições de pesca, hábitos de vida e saúde. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL-BREF. Foram entrevistados 160 pescadores, com média de idade de 48,9 (± 12,4) anos. A maioria era do sexo masculino (64,4%), com ensino fundamental completo (65,6%) e praticavam arrasto de rede (55,0%). Cerca de um terço deles fazia uso de álcool (38,7%) e 46,8% referiram consumo abusivo nos últimos 30 dias. Um quarto dos pescadores fumava (26,9%) e quase a totalidade tinha prática insuficiente de atividade física (93,1%). Doenças osteomusculares acometeram 65,6% deles e 52,5% sofreram acidente de trabalho. Referente à qualidade de vida, o domínio ambiente apresentou a menor média de escore. Fomentar estudos com esse público-alvo é essencial para implementar ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde, além de políticas de assistência aos pescadores para diminuir vulnerabilidades e garantir qualidade de vida.

This descriptive study evaluates the living, working and health conditions of artisanal fishing workers in a Southern Brazilian city. Fishing workers aged 18 and over were interviewed in person and answered a unique and standardized questionnaire, which covered sociodemographic information, fishing conditions, life habits and health. Quality of life was evaluated by the WHOQOL-bref. A total of 160 fishing workers were interviewed, with a mean age of 48.9 (± 12.4 years). Most were male (64.4%), with complete elementary school (65.6%) and practiced fishing net trawling (55.0%). About a third of them drank alcohol (38.7%), and 46.8% reported abusive consumption in the last 30 days. About a quarter reported smoking (26.9%) and most declared insufficient physical activity (93.1%). Musculoskeletal diseases affected 65.6% of the sample and 52.5% suffered occupational accidents. Regarding quality of life, the environment domain showed the lowest score. Conducting studies with this target population is essential to implement prevention and health promotion actions, as well as aid policies to reduce vulnerabilities and ensure quality of life.

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las condiciones de vida, trabajo y salud de los pescadores artesanales de un municipio del Sur de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo que incluyó a trabajadores de la pesca con edad igual o superior a 18 años. La entrevista se realizó cara a cara, y el cuestionario aplicado fue único y estandarizado. Y estaba compuesto por información sociodemográfica, condiciones de pesca, hábitos de vida y salud. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante WHOQOL-BREF. Se realizó entrevistas a 160 pescadores, cuya edad promedio fue de 48,9 (± 12,4) años. La mayoría de ellos eran del sexo masculino (64,4%), tenían estudios primarios completos (65,6%) y practicaban la pesca de arrastre (55,0%). Cerca de un tercio de ellos consumía alcohol (38,7%) y el 46,8% reportó un consumo abusivo en los últimos treinta días. Una cuarta parte de los pescadores reportó fumar (26,9%) y casi todos tenían actividad física insuficiente (93,1%). Las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas afectaron al 65,6% de ellos, y el 52,5% sufrió un accidente de trabajo. En cuanto a la calidad de vida, el dominio ambiente tuvo un puntaje promedio más bajo. Fomentar estudios con este público objetivo es fundamental para implementar acciones de prevención y promoción de la salud, así como políticas de asistencia a los pescadores para reducir vulnerabilidades y asegurarles calidad de vida.

Association between job lost and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of food insecurity as mediator of this relationship / Associação entre perda de emprego e desfechos de saúde mental durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e o papel da insegurança alimentar como mediadora dessa relação / Asociación entre la pérdida de empleo y los resultados de salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y el papel de la inseguridad alimentaria como mediador de esta relación

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental e o papel da insegurança alimentar como mediadora dessa relação. Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido com adultos (≥ 18 e < 60 anos) durante o surto de COVID-19 em duas cidades do Sul do Brasil. A situação de trabalho foi categorizada em trabalhando, não trabalhando e perda do emprego. Os desfechos de saúde mental avaliados foram sintomas depressivos, percepção de estresse e sentimento de tristeza. A insegurança alimentar foi identificada pela versão reduzida da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Análises ajustadas por regressão de Poisson foram realizadas para avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental. A análise de mediação foi realizada para investigar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da situação de trabalho sobre os desfechos de saúde mental. No total, foram analisados 1.492 adultos. Não trabalhar associou-se a 53% mais chances de percepção de estresse e 74% maiores de tristeza. A perda do emprego aumentou as chances de sintomas depressivos, estresse percebido e sentimento de tristeza em 68%, 123% e 128%, respectivamente. As análises de mediação mostraram que a insegurança alimentar foi um importante mediador da associação entre situação de trabalho e sintomas depressivos e sentimento de tristeza, mas não para o estresse percebido. A complexidade desses resultados destaca aspectos econômicos e nutricionais envolvidos nos desfechos em saúde mental.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental y el papel de la inseguridad alimentaria como mediador en esta relación. Se realizó un estudio transversal basado en la población con adultos (≥ 18 y < 60 años) durante el brote de COVID-19 en dos ciudades del Sur de Brasil. La situación laboral se clasificó en trabajando, no trabajando y pérdida de empleo. Los resultados de salud mental evaluados fueron síntomas depresivos, percepción de estrés y sensación de tristeza. La inseguridad alimentaria fue identificada por la versión reducida de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. Se realizaron análisis ajustados por regresión de Poisson para evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental. Se realizó un análisis de mediación para investigar los efectos directos e indirectos de la situación laboral en los resultados de salud mental. En total, se analizaron 1.492 adultos. No trabajar se asoció con un 53% más de probabilidades de percepción de estrés y un 74% más de probabilidades de tristeza. La pérdida del trabajo aumentó las probabilidades de síntomas depresivos, estrés percibido y sentimientos de tristeza en un 68%, 123% y 128%, respectivamente. Los análisis de mediación mostraron que la inseguridad alimentaria era un mediador importante de la asociación entre la situación laboral y los síntomas depresivos y los sentimientos de tristeza, pero no para el estrés percibido. La complejidad de estos resultados destaca los aspectos económicos y nutricionales que intervienen en los resultados de salud mental.

Adherence to social distancing measures in southern Brazil, 2020/2021: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures. Fisher's exact test (5% significance) was used to calculate the differences in prevalence according to exposure variables. Results: Among the 2,170 participants over the age of 18, the prevalence of adherence to social distancing was 18.5%. Adherence was significantly higher among women; older adults; single, divorced, or widowed people with a low educational level; people of lower socioeconomic status; and people affected by multiple chronic diseases. Conclusion: Approximately one in five respondents adhered to measures of social distancing, and adherence was more prevalent among the risk groups.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022 / Violencia de pareja durante el embarazo y calidad de vida en el sur de Brasil: estudio transversal, 2022 / Violência por parceiro íntimo durante a gestação e qualidade de vida no Sul do Brasil: estudo transversal, 2022

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.6% of cases; in the adjusted analysis, IPVP remained associated with physical, psychological and social relationship domains; pregnant women who experienced IPVP had a reduction in their QOL score by 9.77, 11.07 and 8.95 points, respectively, when compared to those who did not experience IPVP. Conclusion IPVP was associated with poorer QOL in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains. Health services equipped to address and prevent violence against pregnant women are essential.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre violencia de pareja durante el embarazo (VPE) y calidad de vida (CV). Métodos Estudio transversal con mujeres embarazadas en Atención Primaria de Salud, se evaluó la CV en los dominios físico, psicológico, relaciones sociales y entorno (WHOQOL-Bref); la VPE fue evaluada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud; se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal bruta y ajustada. Resultados Se evaluaron 389 gestantes. La VPE estuvo presente en el 13,6% de las gestantes; en el análisis ajustado, la violencia de género permaneció asociada a aspectos físicos, psicológicos y a las relaciones sociales; las mujeres embarazadas que sufrieron VPE presentaron disminución de 9,77; 11,07 y 8,95 puntos de CV en comparación con quienes no sufrieron VPE. Conclusión La VPE se asocia con una peor calidad de vida en los ámbitos físico, psicológico y de relaciones sociales; los servicios de salud preparados para combatir la violencia son esenciales para prevenir los casos de violencia durante el embarazo.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação (VPIG) e qualidade de vida (QV). Métodos Estudo transversal, com gestantes atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em 2022; avaliou-se a QV quanto aos domínios físico, psicológico, das relações sociais e do meio ambiente (WHOQOL-Bref); a VPIG foi avaliada pela World Health Organization Violence Against Women; foram realizadas análise de regressão linear bruta e ajustada. Resultados Foram avaliadas 389 gestantes; a VPIG esteve presente em 13,6%; na análise ajustada, a VPIG manteve-se associada aos aspectos físico, psicológico e das relações sociais; gestantes que sofreram VPIG tiveram reduzidos 9,77, 11,07 e 8,95 pontos no escore de QV, respectivamente, quando comparadas às que não sofreram VPIG. Conclusão A VPIG esteve associada à pior QV nos domínios físico, psicológico e das relações sociais; serviços de saúde preparados para o enfrentamento e prevenção da violência contra gestantes são essenciais.

Fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus entre adultos brasileiros: resultados do VIGITEL 2019 / Factors associated with non-adherence to drug treatment for hypertension and diabetes mellitus among Brazilian adults: results from VIGITEL 2019

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e o diabetes mellitus (DM) foram as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis mais prevalentes no Brasil em 2019. Dentre os fatores que podem contribuir para o descontrole dessas doenças está o uso inadequado de medicamentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para HAS e DM entre adultos residentes nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com dados da Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) de 2019. Foram incluídos indivíduos (≥ 18 anos) com diagnóstico de HAS e/ou DM. Não adesão ao tratamento medicamento para HAS e para DM foram os desfechos. As variáveis macrorregião de moradia, sexo, cor da pele, faixa etária, escolaridade, estado civil, autopercepção de saúde e posse de plano de saúde foram as exposições. Foram realizadas análises descritivas de todas as variáveis. Análises brutas utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e análises ajustadas utilizando Regressão de Poisson foram conduzidas para avaliar as associações. Foram estudados 52.443 indivíduos. As prevalências da não adesão para o tratamento medicamentoso para HAS e DM foram de 10,1% e 6,0%, respectivamente. Após análise ajustada, indivíduos do sexo feminino apresentaram uma menor probabilidade (RP: 0,67; IC95% 0,53-0,85) de não aderir ao tratamento medicamento para HAS, em comparação ao sexo masculino. A variável faixa-etária apresentou uma associação linear inversa com esse desfecho, ou seja, quanto maior a faixa etária, menor a probabilidade de não adesão ao tratamento medicamento para HAS (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas associações entre as variáveis independentes e a não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para DM. Em conclusão, destaca-se a necessidade de iniciativas e projetos governamentais que foquem nos grupos mais propensos à não adesão dos tratamentos medicamentosos.

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases in Brazil in 2019. Among the factors that may contribute to the lack of control of these diseases is the inappropriate use of medications. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to drug treatment for SAH and DM among adults residing in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). Individuals (≥ 18 years old) diagnosed with SAH and/or DM were included. Non-adherence to drug treatment for SAH and DM were the outcomes. The variables macro-region of residence, sex, skin color, age, education, marital status, self-perception of health and ownership of health insurance were the exposures. Descriptive analyzes of all variables were performed. Crude analyzes using Pearson's chi-square test and adjusted analyzes using Poisson regression were conducted to evaluate the associations. A total of 52,443 individuals were studied. The prevalence of non-adherence to drug treatment for SAH and DM was 10.1% and 6.0%, respectively. After adjusted analysis, female subjects were less likely (PR: 0.67; 95%CI 0.53-0.85) of not adhering to drug treatment for SAH, compared to males. The age variable showed an inverse linear association with this outcome, that is, the higher the age, the lower the probability of non-adherence to the drug treatment for SAH (p<0.001). No associations were found between the independent variables and non-adherence to drug treatment for DM. In conclusion, there is a need for government initiatives and projects that focus on the groups most likely to not adhere to drug treatments.

Remote work and back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults and older population in South Brazil.

This article aims to investigate the association between remote work and Back Pain during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze this relationship according to the body mass index. Population-based, cross-sectional study carried in two cities in southern Brazil, in individuals aged 18 years and over. Data were collected through household interviews from October to January 2020/21. Outcomes: back pain (cervical, thoracic, lumbar/acute, chronic) and pain intensity. Exposure variable: remote work. For the analyses, Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used, stratified by BMI (eutrophic vs overweight/obese), and restricted to those who had worked in the past month. 1,016 had worked during the pandemic, average 42 years old (SD = 14), varying from 18 to 93 years. Remote work was performed by 7.7% of the individuals. Prevalence of back pain: 25.6% (95%CI: 19.5 to 31.7%). Overweight/obese remote workers felt pain acute cervical pain PR = 2.82 (95%CI: 1.15 to 6.92); chronic low back PR = 1.85 (95%CI: 1.04 to 3.29); acute thoracic PR = 1.81(95%CI: 3.76 to 8.68) compared to those who did not work. About one in four remote workers reported back pain during of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMI proved to be an important moderator between outcomes and exposure variable.

Prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e fatores associados em um município do extremo sul catarinense / Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors in a city of southern of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Identificar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e fatores relacionados durante os seis primeiros meses de vida do lactente. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 102 nutrizes residentes no município de Balneário Gaivota(SC) que efetivaram o pré-natal na rede pública ou privada e tiveram parto no ano de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por aplicação de questionário contemplando as variáveis sociodemográficas, gestacionais e pós-gestacionais. A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 43,1%. Aqueles bebês que usavam mamadeira tiveram 45% menos probabilidade de ter recebido aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses de idade, e aqueles que receberam prescrição de fórmula infantil na alta hospitalar apresentaram 54% menos chance comparados aos seus pares. Os fatores relacionados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo são comportamentais e modificáveis, sendo necessária a orientação pelos profissionais de saúde durante a consulta pré-natal, puericultura e no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil.

To identify the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its related factors during the first six months of the infant's life. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 102 nursing mothers residing in the city of Balneário Gaivota( SC) who performed prenatal care in the public or private network and gave birth in 2018. Data were collected by application of a questionnaire and included sociodemographic, gestational and post-gestational variables. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 43.1%. Those babies who used a bottle were 45% less likely to have been exclusively breastfed up to six months of age, and those who were prescribed infant formula at hospital discharge were 54% less likely compared to their peers. Factors related to exclusive breastfeeding are behavioral and modifiable, thus, guidance by health professionals is necessary during prenatal and childcare consultations and in the monitoring of child development.

Casos de HIV/AIDS durante uma década em uma cidade na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS) / Cases of HIV/AIDS during a decade in a municipality in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul

Identificar as prevalências de HIV/AIDS em uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS) e descrever características dos indivíduos infectados. Estudo descritivo em Sapucaia do Sul com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de 2009 a 2018. Foram incluídas notificações de indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 13 anos, e excluídas aquelas com preenchimento inadequado e gestantes. Tendência temporal dos casos de HIV/AIDS foi apresentada por frequência absoluta e características sociodemográficas por frequências absoluta e relativa. Foram notificados 832 casos de HIV/AIDS no município, dos quais 43,4% correspondentes à AIDS. Durante o período avaliado, a notificação de HIV aumentou 4.000%, e a de AIDS, 230%, com predominância no sexo masculino, adultos jovens, brancos e com ensino fundamental incompleto. Os resultados são relevantes no âmbito da saúde coletiva, pois contribuem para nortear e fortalecer estratégias de combate e controle da doença.

To identify HIV/AIDS prevalences in a city from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (RS) and describe the infected individuals' characteristics. Descriptive study in Sapucaia do Sul with data from Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2018. Notifications from individuals aged 13 years and over were included, and observations with inadequate completion and pregnant women were excluded. Temporal trend from HIV/AIDS cases was presented through absolute frequency and sociodemographic characteristics through absolute and relative frequencies.832 cases of HIV/AIDS cases were reported in the city and 43.4% of which corresponded to AIDS. During the evaluated period, an increase of 4.000% in the notification of HIV, and of 230% of AIDS was identified, with a predominance of males, young adults, white, and with incomplete primary education. These results are extremely relevant in the public health field as they can help to guide and strengthen strategies to combat and control the disease.

Remote work and back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults and older population in South Brazil / Trabalho remoto e dores nas costas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em adultos e idosos no Sul do Brasil

Abstract This article aims to investigate the association between remote work and Back Pain during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze this relationship according to the body mass index. Population-based, cross-sectional study carried in two cities in southern Brazil, in individuals aged 18 years and over. Data were collected through household interviews from October to January 2020/21. Outcomes: back pain (cervical, thoracic, lumbar/acute, chronic) and pain intensity. Exposure variable: remote work. For the analyses, Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used, stratified by BMI (eutrophic vs overweight/obese), and restricted to those who had worked in the past month. 1,016 had worked during the pandemic, average 42 years old (SD = 14), varying from 18 to 93 years. Remote work was performed by 7.7% of the individuals. Prevalence of back pain: 25.6% (95%CI: 19.5 to 31.7%). Overweight/obese remote workers felt pain acute cervical pain PR = 2.82 (95%CI: 1.15 to 6.92); chronic low back PR = 1.85 (95%CI: 1.04 to 3.29); acute thoracic PR = 1.81(95%CI: 3.76 to 8.68) compared to those who did not work. About one in four remote workers reported back pain during of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMI proved to be an important moderator between outcomes and exposure variable.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a associação entre trabalho remoto e dores nas costas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e analisar essa relação segundo o índice de massa corporal. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em duas cidades no sul do Brasil em indivíduos acima de 18 anos. Dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas domiciliares entre outubro-janeiro de 2020-2021. Desfechos: dor nas costas (cervical, torácica, lombar/aguda, crônica) e intensidade da dor. Variável de exposição: trabalho remoto. Para as análises, foram utilizadas regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto para variância, estratificadas pelo IMC (eutrófico vs. sobrepeso/obeso) e restritas àqueles que trabalharam no último mês. Durante a pandemia, 1.016 trabalharam, média 42 anos (DP = 14), entre 18 a 93 anos. Trabalho remoto foi realizado por 7,7% dos indivíduos. Prevalência de dor nas costas: 25.6% (IC95%:19,5 a 31,7%). Trabalhadores remotos com sobrepeso/obesidade sentiram dor aguda cervical RP = 2,82 (IC95%:1,15 a 6,92); torácica aguda RP = 1,81 (IC95%:3,76 a 8,68); lombar crônica RP = 1,85 (IC95%:1,04 a 3,29), comparados àqueles que não trabalharam. Cerca de um em cada quatro trabalhadores remotos reportou dor nas costas durante a pandemia. O IMC mostrou-se ser um importante moderador entre defechos e variável de exposição.

Household food insecurity before and during COVID-19 pandemic and its association with perceived stress: population-based studies.

The growing prevalence of food insecurity observed in the last years, has been favored by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to mental health issues, such as stress. We aim to analyze the prevalence of household food insecurity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with perceived stress. We analyzed data from two population-based studies conducted in 2019 and 2020-2021 in the municipality of Criciúma, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale. The covariables were sex, age, skin color, schooling level, income, job status, marital status, household crowding, overweight, and diet quality. Crude and adjusted associations between food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed using Poisson regression. A total of 1,683 adult individuals were assessed. Prevalence of food insecurity was 25.8% in 2019, decreasing to 21.6% in 2020. Prevalence of perceived stress was about 38% for both years. Before the pandemic, food insecurity increased the prevalence of perceived stress by 29% (PR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.63), but no association was found during COVID-19. We found a worrying prevalence of food insecurity before and after de pandemic, nonetheless food insecurity and perceived stress were associated only in 2019. An assessment of these aspects after COVID-19 is needed to ensure basic life rights for all.

Physical Activity and Sleep in Adults and Older Adults in Southern Brazil.

Good sleep quality is a well-known indicator of physical and mental health, well-being, and overall vitality. This study aimed to verify the association between the practice of physical activity and sleep duration and quality in adults and older adults in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 820 individuals of both sexes aged 18 years or more, where sociodemographic variables were collected and also health-related variables. This study included 523 (63.8%) women and 297 (36.2%) men, and the prevalence of adequate sleep hours was 41.5% (95%CI: 39.1; 44.9). People who performed leisure walking were 34% more likely to present adequate sleep duration (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.10; 1.64) compared to those who did not perform leisure walking. Individuals who met the recommendations for moderate or vigorous physical activity were more likely to have good sleep quality (PR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.34). Future health behavior modification strategies to improve sleep quality at the population level should consider encouraging lifestyle improvements, thus increasing the practice of physical activities.

Sleep disorders are associated with both morning temporal and jaw pain among adults and elderly: a population-based study in Brazil / Distúrbios do sono estão associados à dor temporal matinal e à dor na mandíbula em adultos e idosos: um estudo de base populacional

Objective Purpose: To assess the influence of sleep disorders on temporal and jaw pain in the morning in adults and elderly people. Methods: Population-based study with representative individuals aged 18 years or over. Individuals were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The outcomes of morning jaw pain and morning temporal pain were assessed. Sleep bruxism, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep quality were evaluated as exposure variables. Adjusted analysis was conducted using Poisson regression. All analysis was sex stratified. Results: 820 individuals were studied. Female with sleep bruxism were 1.37 times more likely to have morning temporal pain (p=0.041). Male and female with bruxism had a prevalence 160% and 97%, respectively, higher of morning jaw pain (male: p=0.003; female: p<0.001). Women with obstructive sleep apnea were 1.52 times more likely to have morning temporal pain (p=0.023). Men with poor sleep quality had a prevalence 190% higher of morning temporal pain (p=0.005). Conclusion: Morning craniofacial pain is more frequent in individuals with sleep disorders, and there are differences between sexes. Since more than one sleep disorder can be present in the same individual, studies that adjust the analyses for possible confounders are important to avoiding possible overlap between them.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência dos distúrbios do sono nas dores temporais e mandibulares pela manhã em adultos e idosos. Métodos: Estudo de base populacional realizado com uma amostra representativa de indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais. Os participantes foram selecionados por meio de um processo amostral com múltiplos estágios. Os desfechos avaliados foram a dor matinal na mandíbula e a dor temporal matinal. Apneia obstrutiva do sono, bruxismo do sono e qualidade do sono foram as variáveis de exposição avaliadas. Análise ajustada foi realizada através da Regressão de Poisson e todas as análises foram estratificadas por sexo. Resultados: Foram estudados 820 indivíduos. Mulheres com bruxismo do sono tiveram 1,37 vezes mais chance de ter dor temporal matinal (p=0,041). Homens e mulheres com bruxismo tiveram uma prevalência 160% e 97%, respectivamente, maior de dor matinal na mandíbula (homens: p=0,003; mulheres: p<0,001). Mulheres com apneia obstrutiva do sono tiveram 1,52 vezes mais chance de ter dor temporal matinal (p=0,023). Homens com má qualidade do sono tiveram prevalência 190% maior de dor temporal matinal (p=0,005). Conclusão: Dor craniofacial matinal é mais frequente em indivíduos com distúrbios do sono e há diferenças entre os sexos. Uma vez que mais de um distúrbio do sono pode estar presente no mesmo indivíduo, estudos que ajustem as análises para possíveis confundidores são importantes para evitar uma possível sobreposição entre eles.

Effect of lingual frenotomy on the breastfeeding improvement

To evaluate breastfeeding in babies up to six months of age before and after frenotomy surgery in a reference hospital in a city from Santa Catarina state. Methods: An observational quality improvement study, carried out with babies up to six months of age undergoing frenotomy and their mothers in a reference hospital in southern Santa Catarina state. A questionnaire was applied to the mothers in two moments (before and after the surgery), with information regarding breastfeeding, sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioral characteristics of them and of the babies. Descriptive analyzes were performed and the association between breastfeeding and the independent variables was assessed through Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, using a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 74 children were studied, with 48 of them returning after surgery. 83.8% were breastfed before surgery and 64.9% after surgery. Before surgery, 58.1% of children effectively took the breast at once. After surgery, this prevalence was 83.3% (p=0.015). Before surgery, 75.9% of the mothers reported not feeling pain, while, after surgery, almost all of them (95.8%) reported this (p=0.004). Most mothers reported improvement in grip (83.3%), increase in the duration of breastfeeding (69.0%), improvement of baby's breathing (75.0%), and an increase in the frequency of breastfeeding (51.7%). Conclusions: There was a decrease in the prevalence of breastfeeding after frenotomy. However, there was an improvement in the babies 'grip and breathing and a reduction in the mothers' pain when breastfeeding. It is emphasized the need to implement multidisciplinary actions in both primary and hospital care to assist mothers in order to prolong the duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Household food insecurity before and during COVID-19 pandemic and its association with perceived stress: population-based studies / Insegurança alimentar domiciliar antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e sua associação com o estresse percebido: estudos de base populacional / Inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su asociación con el estrés percibido: estudios basados en la población

The growing prevalence of food insecurity observed in the last years, has been favored by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to mental health issues, such as stress. We aim to analyze the prevalence of household food insecurity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with perceived stress. We analyzed data from two population-based studies conducted in 2019 and 2020-2021 in the municipality of Criciúma, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale. The covariables were sex, age, skin color, schooling level, income, job status, marital status, household crowding, overweight, and diet quality. Crude and adjusted associations between food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed using Poisson regression. A total of 1,683 adult individuals were assessed. Prevalence of food insecurity was 25.8% in 2019, decreasing to 21.6% in 2020. Prevalence of perceived stress was about 38% for both years. Before the pandemic, food insecurity increased the prevalence of perceived stress by 29% (PR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.63), but no association was found during COVID-19. We found a worrying prevalence of food insecurity before and after de pandemic, nonetheless food insecurity and perceived stress were associated only in 2019. An assessment of these aspects after COVID-19 is needed to ensure basic life rights for all.

A pandemia da COVID-19 favoreceu a tendência crescente de insegurança alimentar observada nos últimos anos, causando consequências na saúde mental, como o estresse. Nosso objetivo foi analisar a prevalência de insegurança alimentar domiciliar antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e a sua associação com o estresse percebido. Analisamos dados de dois estudos de base populacional conduzidos em 2019 e 2020 a 2021 com adultos em Criciúma, Estado de Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil. A insegurança alimentar e o estresse percebido foram avaliados usando a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e da Escala de Estresse Percebido. As covariáveis foram sexo, idade, raça, escolaridade, renda, situação profissional, estado civil, aglomeração domiciliar, excesso de peso e qualidade da dieta. Associações brutas e ajustadas entre insegurança alimentar e estresse percebido foram avaliadas usando a regressão de Poisson. Foram avaliados 1.683 indivíduos. A prevalência de insegurança alimentar foi de 25,8% em 2019, diminuindo para 21,6% em 2020. A prevalência de estresse percebido foi de aproximadamente 38% nos dois anos. Antes da pandemia, a insegurança alimentar aumentava a prevalência de estresse percebido em 29% (RP = 1,29; IC95%: 1,02; 1,63), mas nenhuma associação foi encontrada durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Identificamos uma prevalência preocupante de insegurança alimentar antes e depois da pandemia, no entanto, a insegurança alimentar e o estresse percebido foram associados apenas em 2019. Uma avaliação desses aspectos após a pandemia da COVID-19 é necessária para garantir direitos básicos de vida para todos.

La creciente tendencia a la inseguridad alimentaria observada en los últimos años se ha visto favorecida por la pandemia de COVID-19, provocando consecuencias en la salud mental, tales como el estrés. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la prevalencia de inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su asociación con el estrés percibido. Analizamos datos de dos estudios poblacionales realizados en 2019 y 2020-2021 con adultos en Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Sur de Brasil. La inseguridad alimentaria y el estrés percibido se evaluaron con la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria y la Escala de Estrés Percibido. Las covariables fueron sexo, edad, color de piel, escolaridad, ingresos, situación laboral, estado civil, hacinamiento en el hogar, sobrepeso y calidad de la dieta. Las asociaciones crudas y ajustadas entre la inseguridad alimentaria y el estrés percibido se evaluaron mediante regresión de Poisson. Se evaluó a un total de 1.683 personas. La prevalencia de la inseguridad alimentaria fue del 25,8% en 2019, disminuyendo al 21,6% en 2020. La prevalencia del estrés percibido fue de alrededor del 38% en ambos años. Antes de la pandemia, la inseguridad alimentaria aumentaba la prevalencia del estrés percibido en un 29% (RP = 1,29; IC95%: 1,02; 1,63), pero no se encontró ninguna asociación con COVID-19. Encontramos una prevalencia preocupante de inseguridad alimentaria antes y después de la pandemia, aunque la inseguridad alimentaria y el estrés percibido solo se asociaron en 2019. Es necesaria una evaluación de estos aspectos después del COVID-19 para garantizar los derechos básicos vitales para todos.

Insegurança alimentar domiciliar em um município do sul do Brasil: estudo de base populacional / Household food insecurity in a city from southern Brazil: a population-based study

Introdução: A insegurança alimentar (IA) é caracterizada pela falta de acesso a alimentos em quantidade e qualidade adequadas. Nos últimos anos, uma tendência de crescimento em sua prevalência vem sendo observada, e fatores sociodemográficos parecem influenciar a IA. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de IA e seus fatores associados em domicílios de um município do sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional, conduzido em Criciúma-SC em 2019, com indivíduos com ≥18 anos. Todos os domicílios nos quais o chefe da família (indivíduo que contribuía com a maior parte da renda domiciliar) participou da pesquisa foram incluídos nas análises. A IA domiciliar foi avaliada através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, e características sociodemográficas e alimentares foram avaliadas como variáveis independentes. Para avaliar as associaçõesentre IA e as variáveis independentes, foram realizadas análises ajustadas utilizando-se Regressão de Poisson, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 439 domicílios e 562 indivíduos. A prevalência de IA foi de 25,8%, sendo maior nos domicílios com: moradores entre 18 e 29 anos (RP=1,72; IC95%1,08-2,76) e entre 30 e 39 anos (RP=2,02; IC95%1,35-3,03),de cor parda (RP=1,47; IC95% 1,01-2,13), menores de 18 anos de idade (RP=1,70; IC95% 1,16;2,47),e que realizavam 1-2 refeições diárias (RP=2,29; IC95% 1,15-4,60), todos comparados com seus pares. Ademais, a renda apresentou tendência linear inversa com a IA, isto é, conforme a diminuição da renda, maior a prevalência de IA domiciliar (<0,001). Conclusão: Um em cada quatro domicílios apresenta IA,sendo esse desfecho influenciado por fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e nutricionais. Diante desses achados, será possível direcionar as ações e políticas públicas para agarantia da alimentação adequada à população.

Introduction: Food insecurity (FI) is characterized by the lack of access to food in adequate quantity and quality. In recent years, there has been an upward trend in FI, and sociodemographic factors seem to influence it. Objective: To verify the prevalence of FI and its associated factors in households in a municipality in southern Santa Catarina. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study, conducted in Criciúma-SC in 2019, with individuals aged ≥18 years. The analysis included all families in which the head of the household (individual who contributed most of the household income) participated in the research. The Brazilian food insecurity scale assessed the household FI, and sociodemographic and food characteristics were evaluated as independent variables. The study performed adjusted analyses using Poisson regression, considering a significance level of 5% to evaluate the associations between FI and the independent variables. Results: Four hundred and thirty-nine households and five hundred and sixty-two individuals participated in the study. The prevalence of FI was 25.8%, being higher in households with residents between 18 and 29 years of age (PR=1.72; 95% CI 1.08-2.76) and between 30 and 39 years of age (PR=2.02; 95% CI 1.35-3.03), mixed race (PR=1.47; 95% CI 1.01-2.13), under 18 years of age (PR=1.70; 95% CI 1.16;2.47), and who ate 1-2 meals daily (PR=2.29; 95% CI 1.15-4.60), all compared with their peers. In addition, income showed an inverse linear trend with FI, which means that as income decreases, the prevalence of home FI increases (<0.001). Conclusion: One in four households is FI, and demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors influence this outcome. Given these findings, it will be possible to direct public actions and policies to ensure adequate food for the population.