Sickle Cell Anemia Associated With Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients.

Introduction Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hemoglobinopathy that arises from a point mutation in the beta-globin gene, which causes the polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin that leads to a wide variety of clinical complications. Deaths in patients with SCA most commonly arise from renal, cardiovascular disease, infections, and stroke. In-hospital cardiac arrest has been found to be more common in older patients and those on ventilatory life support, among others. This study aims to provide more insight into how SCA affects the risk of in-hospital mortality in post-cardiac arrest patients. Methods The National Inpatient Survey database years 2016 to 2019 was utilized. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Procedure Coding System (ICD-10 PCS) codes for cardiopulmonary resuscitation were used to identify in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients. ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) codes were used to identify SCA and other medical comorbidities. Categorical data was compared using Person's chi-square test, and continuous variables were compared using the independent samples t-test. Multinomial logistic regression was used to study the effects of SCA on post-arrest in-hospital mortality controlling for age, Charlson comorbidity score, and demographic variables. Binomial logistic regression models for dichotomous variables were utilized in the subgroup and secondary outcomes analysis. Results In patients with IHCA, patients who had SCA were found to have a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality adjusted for baseline characteristics and Charlson comorbidity score (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32, p=0.0025). Patient characteristics most strongly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in this cohort were found to be Black race (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.87-1.97, p<0.001) and self-payer status (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 2.06-2.22, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed only patients with sickle cell disease had a statistically significant increased risk of in-hospital mortality in this cohort (OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 3.5-5.55, p<0.001), and patients with sickle cell trait did not. Conclusion In patients with IHCA, SCA is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. This risk was confined to patients with sickle cell disease and not patients with sickle cell trait.

A Comprehensive Review of the Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease and Its Treatment.

Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder occurring in genetically predisposed individuals secondary to gluten ingestion. CD usually presents with gastrointestinal symptoms such as pain, bloating, flatulence, and constipation or diarrhea. However, individuals can present in a nonclassical manner with only extraintestinal symptoms. The neurological manifestations of CD include ataxia, cognitive impairment, epilepsy, headache, and neuropathy. A lifelong gluten-free diet is the current recommended treatment for CD. This review discusses the relevant neurological manifestations associated with CD and the novel therapeutics. Further research is required to get a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the neurological manifestations associated with CD. Clinicians should keep CD in the differential diagnosis in individuals presenting with neurological dysfunction of unknown cause.