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1.
J Learn Disabil ; 34(4): 370-9, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15503581

ABSTRACT

Little research has examined the structure and prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in university students, including whether symptom structure conforms to the bidimensional (i.e., inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) conceptualization of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMV-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and whether self-reported symptoms vary across gender and country. A sample of 1,209 university students from three countries (Italy, New Zealand, and the United States) completed a 24-item self-report measure (the Young Adult Rating Scale) tapping ADHD symptomatology. Factor analyses within the U.S. and New Zealand samples supported a bidimensional symptom structure, whereas weaker support for this conceptualization was provided by the Italian sample. Participants did not vary significantly by gender in symptom report; however, Italian students reported significantly more inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms than students from the United States, and students from New Zealand reported more inattention symptoms than students from the United States. The prevalence of self-reported ADHD symptoms beyond DSM-IV thresholds for diagnosis ranged from 0% (Italian women) to 8.1% (New Zealand men). The implications of these results for the use of DSM-IV criteria in identifying university students with ADHD are discussed.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Self-Assessment , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Male , New Zealand/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Students/psychology , United States/epidemiology , Universities
2.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry ; 38(2): 156-64, 1999 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9951214

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine directly the extent to which ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder and DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identify the same children with the same difficulties. METHOD: Participants were children referred for symptoms of overactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, and a normal control group. Diagnostic criteria for ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder and DSM-IV ADHD were applied retrospectively. Four groups were identified: hyperkinetic disorder and ADHD (n = 21), ADHD only (n = 22), clinic control (n = 15), and normal control (n = 19). The groups were compared on measures reflecting the central characteristics of ADHD, neurodevelopmental functioning, academic and cognitive functioning, and the presence of conduct problems. RESULTS: There is some evidence of increased symptom severity in the combined diagnostic group. Few differences emerged on measures of neurodevelopmental, academic, and cognitive functioning. Rates of conduct disturbance were similar in both ADHD groups. CONCLUSIONS: DSM-IV criteria identify a broader group of children than those identified by ICD-10. However, there is substantial overlap between the groups formed with these different criteria.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Hyperkinesis/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Child , Child Development , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Impulsive Behavior/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Male , Observer Variation , Psychometrics , Retrospective Studies
3.
J Abnorm Child Psychol ; 21(1): 29-50, 1993 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8463503

ABSTRACT

One-hundred and ninety-two children (equally split between boys and girls) were studied when they were 5 years old in two settings, school and home. The children were observed in playgroups and at home, and were rated on activity level by their parents on the Rothbart Child Behavior Questionnaire. At age 7, the children were tested in our laboratory on the Harter Test of Perceived Competence and on an achievement task, and parents filled out the Child Behavior Checklist, the Child Behavior Questionnaire, and the Conners Parent Rating Scale. Home observations of activity level were significantly related to parent ratings of activity level, but not to school observations. Activity level at age 5 was related to parents' ratings of aggression and hyperactivity and to girls' learning problems at age 7. Activity level was not related to the children's self-perceived competence, but mothers' rating of high activity level at age 5 was related to low reading comprehension at age 7.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Achievement , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Parents , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reading , Social Adjustment , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
J Abnorm Child Psychol ; 20(3): 317-26, 1992 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1619136

ABSTRACT

Teacher ratings on Spanish translations of the Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scale for Children and peer nominations were obtained for 110 school children (42 boys and 68 girls) in grades 2-5 at a public elementary school in Buenos Aires. Nominations of "likes best" were negatively correlated with language processing deficits, attention problems, and sluggish tempo as rated by both teachers and peers, and positively correlated with teacher ratings of social competence, for both boys and girls. The reverse pattern was found for nominations of "likes least." Children were assigned to sociometric status groups of popular (n = 27), rejected (n = 28), neglected (n = 7) controversial (n = 11), and average (n = 37) based on number of LL and LB nominations. Rejected and popular children could be differentiated by teacher and peer ratings of linguistic information processing deficits, inattention, and sluggish tempo. Behavioral characteristics of motor hyperactivity, impulsivity, and aggression were significantly associated with being male but did not differ by sociometric status group.


Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Social Class , Argentina/ethnology , Child , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Language Disorders/psychology , Male , Mental Health , Psychology, Child , Sex Factors , Social Behavior , United States
5.
J Abnorm Child Psychol ; 19(4): 407-26, 1991 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1757710

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effects of background anger, provocation, and methylphenidate on emotional, physiological, and behavioral responding in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without concurrent aggression. Our study revealed that ADHD boys showed more emotional and physiological distress when exposed to an interaction in which an administrator chastised each boy's favorite counselor, compared to a friendly interaction between the two adults. The background anger manipulation did not affect the aggressive behavior of the boys against an opponent in an aggressive game. High-aggressive (HA) ADHD boys were more likely to respond to provocation with aggression than low-aggressive (LA) ADHD boys, but only LA boys showed increased physiological reactivity with increasing provocation. Methylphenidate resulted in increased heart rates under all conditions and did not interact with any of the other findings.


Subject(s)
Aggression/psychology , Anger , Arousal/drug effects , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Child Behavior Disorders/complications , Methylphenidate/pharmacology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Double-Blind Method , Family/psychology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Peer Group , Placebos
6.
J Cogn Neurosci ; 3(4): 377-81, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23967818

ABSTRACT

How does a complex syndrome that involves abnormalities in impulse control and sustained attention influence simple oculomotor responses to visual stimuli? We found that normal children, like adults, were faster in moving their eyes in directions controlled by the right cerebral hemisphere under conditions where there was no warning of the impending target. ADHD children did not show this asymmetry. We speculate that this result reflects a deficit in the vigilance network that serves to maintain the alert state.

7.
J Consult Clin Psychol ; 57(1): 112-6, 1989 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2925961

ABSTRACT

The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Children's Revision (LNNB-CR) was administered to 54 clinic-referred children aged 8-12 years. Children reliably diagnosed as attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity were compared with children diagnosed as attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity and with a clinic control group diagnosed with internalizing disorders. Both attention deficit disorder groups were lower than the control group in verbal and Full Scale IQ scores but did not differ from one another. The groups did not differ significantly on any of the LNNB-CR clinical scales, on the right or left hemisphere scores, or on the pathognomonic score using analyses of variance or analyses of covariance with both Full Scale IQ and age as covariates. These findings failed to support the hypothesis that attention deficit disorder, either with or without hyperactivity, is associated with neuropsychological dysfunction as measured by the LNNB-CR.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention , Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery , Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Child , Humans , Male , Psychometrics
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