[Cholelithiasis associated with upper gastrointestinal pathology. Critical evaluation of the emerging incidence and diagnostic and therapeutic indications]. / La colelitiasi associata alla patologia del tratto gastro-enterico superiore. Valutazione critica dell'incidenza emergente e dell'indicazione diagnostica e terapeutica.

Although cases of upper G.E. tract diseases associated with simple cholelithiasis are described as specific syndromes in the literature (Saint's triad, Casten's syndrome, etc.) they may be usefully evaluated with the aim of checking the following parameters: a) incidence and importance of associated pathologies; b) etio-pathogenetic correlation between age, sex and incidence; c) clinical extent of the disease and factors determining choice of medical or surgical treatment; d) more specific presurgical diagnostic investigation for certain cases; e) effect of combined surgery on recovery. Recent research carried out (Choctaw) in which the term associated pathology was defined is described. A sample of 358 patients suffering from cholelithiasis was examined. Of these, 230 were suitable candidates for surgery and systemic presurgical examination by means of digestive tract X-ray investigation and fecal blood tests. 35% of cases were found to be associated pathologies including hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer, duodenal diverticula, gastric neoplasia and various diseases of the large intestine. These data were found to be statistically different from data collected from a similar group of patients complaining of abdominal colic who did not display symptoms of cholelithiasis although 17% had diseases of the upper G.E. tract. Combined surgery was carried out on 82% of patients and the subsequent follow-up period lasted for 1 to 3 years. A presurgical study programme aimed particularly at female patients over 50 was therefore designed. Post-surgical recovery was not affected by combined surgery.

[Stages in prevention of breast neoplasms. Organization of standard computerized operative programs: preliminary prospective study]. / I livelli di prevenzione delle neoplasie del seno. Organizzazione di programmi operativi standard e computerizzabili: studio prospettico preliminare.

Bearing in mind the single or combined action of epidemiological factors influencing the natural history of the disease, the value of a survey method for rationally and significantly defining the potential degree of carcinogenesis of breast neoplasias in a selected population is tested. The method is designed to diagnose neoplastic development in its initial stages by strictly codified screening with the obvious aim of improving the survival rate. The need for a computer processed programme into which the various epidemiological and statistical variables are fed is underlined. The organisation and operation of such a service involves various problems in the identification, selection and processing of data. A provisional outline of the organisation of the survey is given, demonstrating the value of this method which will, in the near future, become irreplaceable in cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness terms.