ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) shape lies at the core of understanding the physical objects that surround us. In the biomedical field, shape analysis has been shown to be powerful in quantifying how anatomy changes with time and disease. The Shape AnaLysis Toolbox (SALT) was created as a vehicle for disseminating advanced shape methodology as an open source, free, and comprehensive software tool. We present new developments in our shape analysis software package, including easy-to-interpret statistical methods to better leverage the quantitative information contained in SALT's shape representations. We also show SlicerPipelines, a module to improve the usability of SALT by facilitating the analysis of large-scale data sets, automating workflows for non-expert users, and allowing the distribution of reproducible workflows.
ABSTRACT
Interactive multimodal surgical simulators are powerful tools that allow efficient and objective assessment of surgical skills. Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO) requires precise cutting of the mandible with a motorized saw that cannot afford a high margin of error. Surgeons rely on visual and haptic cues that are hard to train for through existing curricula without training directly on patients. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to achieve low-cost, precise sawing of the bone that is capable of providing realistic force feedback to the user at haptic rates (~1000Hz). Our method is centered around treating the bone surface as a level set that is evolved at interactive rates upon user's interaction with the virtual saw. The movement of the virtual saw itself is governed by a rigid body solver which is attached to the pose (6 degrees of freedom) of the haptic device via a mass-spring-damper which also supplies haptic force feedback. Our method allows parameterization of the erosion rate, saw speed, and bone density thus making it suitable to any material shaving application including dentistry (e.g., tooth milling) and a variety of surgical osteotomies.
ABSTRACT
We have designed and implemented a generic virtual mechanical ventilator model into the open-source Pulse Physiology Engine for real-time medical simulation. The universal data model is uniquely designed to apply all modes of ventilation and allow for modification of the fluid mechanics circuit parameters. The ventilator methodology provides a connection to the existing Pulse respiratory system for spontaneous breathing and gas/aerosol substance transport. The existing Pulse Explorer application was extended to include a new ventilator monitor screen with variable modes and settings and a dynamic output display. Proper functionality was validated by simulating the same patient pathophysiology and ventilator settings virtually in Pulse as a physical lung simulator and ventilator setup.
ABSTRACT
The first complete simulation based on OpenSurgSim (OSS) is used as a case study for analyzing how the toolkit can accelerate the development of surgical simulations. The Burr Hole Trainer (BHT) is designed to train non-neurosurgeons to drill holes in the skull to relieve intracranial pressure, and the majority of its simulation functionality is provided by OSS. Based on code size, using OSS cut the development time in half, reduced the necessary size of the development team by two-thirds, and saved millions of US dollars.
Subject(s)
Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods , Decompressive Craniectomy/education , Educational Measurement/methods , High Fidelity Simulation Training/methods , Software , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Clinical Competence , Decompressive Craniectomy/methods , Humans , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
The OpenSurgSim system (www.opensurgsim.org) has been in development for the past 18 months. This open-source system is designed to provide the foundation for development of surgical simulators. The system combines years of learning the ins and outs of simulator design with best practices from other successful open-source projects.
