[Clinical trial of tramadol by means of the "paired card" system (author's transl)]. / Klinische Prüfung von Tramadol nach dem Paarlingskarten-System.

1. 1-(m-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal) was administered i.v. to patients suffering from pain of various origins. Its efficacy and side effects were compared with those of metamizole and placebo. 2. Tramadol (100 mg) was as effective as metamizole (2.5 mg) and significantly more effective than placebo. 3. All three compounds showed no significant differences in type and number of side effects.

[The effect of tramadol in an open clinical trial (author's transl)]. / Das Analgetikum Tramadol in der offenen klinischen Prüfung.

1. The new analgesic drug 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal) was administered to a total of 840 patients by i.m. or i.v. injection or in suppository form in an open multi-center trial. The drug was found to be an effective and well-tolerated analgesic. 2. In all three forms of administration more than 80% of the patients treated rated the therapeutic efficacy of tramadol good to very good. In most cases the analgesic effect set in within 30 min and lasted 3--7 h. Tramadol was effective in relieving pain of various origins. 3. Serious side effects were not observed. The most frequent side effect was drowsiness. Transient hot flushes and outbreaks of sweating occurred occasionally following i.v. injection.

[The effect of tramadol and other analgesics on the pain threshold in human dental pulp (author's transl)]. / Beeinflussung der Schmerzschwelle an der Zahnpulpa durch Tramadol und andere Analgetika.

In 60 young, healthy volunteers the analgesic efficacy of 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal), dextropropoxyphene and a commercial drug mixture (acetylsalicylic acid 200 mg; phenacetin 200 mg; codeine phosphor. 10 mg; caffeine anhydr. 50 mg; phenobarbital 25 mg) was investigated by determining the pain threshold in dental pulp. All three drugs increased the pain threshold considerably but there was no difference in the analgesic effect of the three drugs.

[The "paired cards" system. A practical and generally applicable procedure for the clinical trial of drugs (author's transl)]. / Das Paarlingskarten-System. Modell eines praktikablen und allgemein anwendbaren Verfahrens zur klinischen Arzneimittelprüfung.

A system is described which is suitable for the simulataneous double-blind study of several drugs effective in the same field of indication (e.g. analgesics). The procedure uses sequential analysis and therefore requires only limited materials, costs and personnel. It produces significant results with a minimum of patients.