ABSTRACT
Background: The landscape of modern aesthetic medicine has witnessed a paradigm shift from traditional doctor-led care to a consumer-driven model, presenting a plethora of ethical challenges. This review discusses the ethical dimensions of medical aesthetics, exploring the implications of consumer demand, societal influences, and technological advancements on patient care and well-being. Methods: Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this review synthesizes evidence regarding the rise of aesthetic medicine, ethical challenges encountered in practice, and the implications of social media and marketing in shaping patient perceptions and decision-making. Results: Aesthetic medicine confronts unique ethical challenges stemming from its elective nature and the pervasive influence of societal beauty standards. Concerns include the commodification of beauty, conflicts of interest, limited evidence-base of treatments, and the rise of nonphysician providers. Moreover, the evolving role of social media influencers and medical marketing raises ethical dilemmas regarding transparency, patient autonomy, and professional integrity. Conclusions: The ethical landscape of aesthetic medicine necessitates a proactive approach to address emerging challenges and safeguard patient well-being. Guided by principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, recommendations are proposed to enhance informed consent practices, mitigate appearance anxiety, facilitate shared decision-making, and promote responsible use of social media. Professional societies are urged to establish clear ethical guidelines and standards to uphold professionalism and patient trust in the field of aesthetic medicine.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been described, including an increase in concerns about one's facial appearance resulting in greater interest in cosmetic procedures. However, additional research is required to examine the impact of the pandemic on patients' overall stress levels and whether this reported stress is associated with an interest in facial aesthetic procedures. We aimed to describe perceived stress and to identify factors associated with increased stress among patients seeking aesthetic treatments during the pandemic. Patients and Methods: Patients coming to a Singapore-based clinic and who completed a questionnaire over a one-month period were included. Stress was evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); additional questions sought to understand factors associated with perceived stress and future interest in aesthetic procedures. Results: Two hundred and thirteen respondents participated in the study. Separation from family and inability to travel for leisure were major stressors in 54% and 55%; getting COVID-19 was less frequently a stressor (11%). Patients reported greater concern with appearance (increased worry in 32%, comparison to others in 41%). Ninety-one percent of patients continued aesthetic procedures despite the pandemic and 75% reported interest in proceeding with treatments not previously tried before. PSS scores were higher than published norms. Factors associated with increased scores included residency status, job insecurity and markers of increased concern about appearance. Finally, higher stress scores were observed in patients with greater likelihood of receiving future aesthetic treatments, although this was not statistically significant after applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: Significantly higher stress scores were seen in patients seeking aesthetic treatments. We identified factors associated with increased stress with a suggested association between increased likelihood of proceeding with any aesthetic procedure and higher levels of stress. These highlight the importance of caution in treating patients given their increased stress levels and potential vulnerability.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Identifying predictors for patients' readiness to receive non-surgical facial aesthetic treatments facilitates the physician's understanding of the patient's goals and expectations. This paper aims to identify clinical and demographic characteristics of patients who proceed with non-surgical facial aesthetic procedures in Singapore. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using data from electronic patient health records, authors examined clinical and demographic characteristics of 624 Asian and Caucasian patients who sought treatment in a 12-month period and who had minimum follow-up of 1 year. Variables examined included age, race/ethnicity, gender, prior treatment, and attitudes and motivation for seeking treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with proceeding with the treatment plan were evaluated using chi-square and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Approximately 88% of patients who sought consultation proceeded with treatment. The majority were older than 40 years of age, were female and received prior treatments. Notable is the high frequency of rejuvenation rather than correction as the clinical outcome goal. There were slightly more Caucasians than Chinese patients but the racial distribution allowed the identification of differences between the two groups. Chinese patients were younger and more likely to seek correction or more obvious changes as compared to Caucasian patients. On multivariate analyses, powerful predictors for proceeding with non-invasive facial treatments included a treatment goal of rejuvenation rather than correction, an expectation of an immediate result, and prior aesthetic treatments. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to compare race/ethnic differences in factors that influence treatment with non-invasive aesthetic procedures. This is also the first to identify demographic, clinical and motivational characteristics associated with actual treatment with non-invasive facial procedures. Further research on a systematic approach to defining a patient's motivation for receiving treatment, as well as research identifying which patients are more likely to have positive clinical outcomes are warranted.
