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1.
J Hypertens ; 19(11): 1981-9, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11677363

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Baseline data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) have shown that carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is not related to diastolic blood pressure (BP), but that it is related to clinic systolic (S) or pulse pressure (PP) and more so to their 24 h average values. The aim of the present study was to determine whether IMT independently relates to additional information obtained through ambulatory BP, in particular to SBP or PP variability. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 1663 hypertensive patients, after a wash-out period from antihypertensive treatment (mean age 56.2 +/- 7.65 years), IMT was assessed from 12 different carotid sites. Ambulatory BP measurements were performed every 15 min (day) and every 20 min (night). IMT values were positively related to 24 h, day and night average SBP and PP. There was some relationship of IMT with day-night or clinic-day SBP and PP differences. The most important finding, however, was that IMT values were related with 24 h SBP or PP standard deviation (P < 0.001), a measure of overall SBP or PP variability. The relationship was seen also by multiple regression analysis, the standard deviation for SBP or PP only following age and 24 h average SBP or PP in accounting for IMT values. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration from a large database that not only average 24 h PP and SBP values, but also 24 h BP fluctuations, are associated with, and possibly determinants of, the alterations of large artery structure in hypertension.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Blood Pressure , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Dihydropyridines/therapeutic use , Hypertension/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension/physiopathology , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Pulse , Tunica Intima/diagnostic imaging , Tunica Media/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography
2.
J Bacteriol ; 183(18): 5402-13, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11514526

ABSTRACT

Recently we reported an unusual multicellular organization in yeast that we termed stalk-like structures. These structures are tall (0.5 to 3 cm long) and narrow (1 to 3 mm in diameter). They are formed in response to UV radiation of cultures spread on high agar concentrations. Here we present an anatomical analysis of the stalks. Microscopic inspection of cross sections taken from stalks revealed that stalks are composed of an inner core in which cells are dense and vital and a layer of cells (four to six rows) that surrounds the core. This outer layer is physically separated from the core and contains many dead cells. The outer layer may form a protective shell for the core cells. Through electron microscopy analysis we observed three types of cells within the stalk population: (i) cells containing many unusual vesicles, which might be undergoing some kind of cell death; (ii) cells containing spores (usually one or two spores only); and (iii) familiar rounded cells. We suggest that stalk cells are not only spatially organized but may undergo processes that induce a certain degree of cell specialization. We also show that high agar concentration alone, although not sufficient to induce stalk formation, induces dramatic changes in a colony's morphology. Most striking among the agar effects is the induction of growth into the agar, forming peg-like structures. Colonies grown on 4% agar or higher are reminiscent of stalks in some aspects. The agar concentration effects are mediated in part by the Ras pathway and are related to the invasive-growth phenomenon.


Subject(s)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ultrastructure , Culture Media/chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal , Microscopy/methods , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays
3.
J Hypertens ; 18(2): 197-201, 2000 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10694188

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The European Lacidipine Study of Atherosclerosis (ELSA) is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multi-national interventional trial to determine the effect of four-year treatment using the calcium antagonist lacidipine versus the beta-blocker atenolol on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in 2259 asymptomatic hypertensive patients. B-mode ultrasound is used to measure the primary and secondary endpoints including the mean maximum intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid bifurcations and the common carotid arteries (CBM(max)), the mean maximum IMT of 12 standard carotid sites (M(max)) and the overall maximum IMT (T(max)). This paper reports the cross-sectional reproducibility of ultrasound measurements at baseline. METHOD: To evaluate measurement reliability, each patient is scanned twice at baseline and again at four annual visits, with 80% of the replicate scans performed by the same sonographer and 20% by a different sonographer; 50% of the replicate scans are read by the same reader and the other 50% by different readers. RESULTS: The overall coefficient of reliability (R) was 0.859 for CBM(max), 0.872 for M(max) and 0.794 for T(max). The reliability for CBM(max) was stable during the 1 3/4-year baseline period (R = 0.848 to 0.953) and was uniform among the 23 field centres (R = 0.798 to 0.926). Intra- and inter-reader reliability were 0.915 and 0.872 respectively, and intra-sonographer reliability was 0.866. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that by implementing standardized protocols and strict quality control procedures, highly reliable ultrasonic measurements of carotid artery IMT can be achieved in large multi-national trials.


Subject(s)
Arteriosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Dihydropyridines/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Europe , Humans , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography/instrumentation , Ultrasonography/standards , Ultrasonography/statistics & numerical data
4.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 118(2): 278-84, 1999 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10540191

ABSTRACT

Properdin deficiency was demonstrated in three generations of a large Swiss family. The concentration of circulating properdin in affected males was < 0.1 mg/l, indicating properdin deficiency type I. Two of the nine properdin-deficient males in the family had survived meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B without sequel. Two point mutations were identified when the properdin gene in one of the properdin-deficient individuals was investigated by direct solid-phase sequencing of overlapping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The critical mutation was found at base 2061 in exon 4, where the change of cytosine to thymine had generated the stop codon TGA. The other mutation was positioned at base 827 in intron 3. The stop codon in exon 4 was also demonstrated by standard dideoxy sequencing in three additional family members. The question was asked if genetic factors such as partial C4 deficiency and IgG allotypes could have influenced susceptibility to meningococcal disease in the family. No relationship was found between C4 phenotypes and infection. Interestingly, the two properdin-deficient males with meningitis differed from the other properdin-deficient persons in that they lacked the G2m(n) allotype, a marker known to be associated with poor antibody responses to T-independent antigens. This implies that the consequences of properdin deficiency might partly be determined by independent factors influencing the immune response.


Subject(s)
Codon, Terminator/genetics , Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes/genetics , Meningitis, Meningococcal/genetics , Properdin/deficiency , Properdin/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Complement Activation/genetics , Complement C4/genetics , Female , Humans , Male , Meningitis, Meningococcal/immunology , Middle Aged , Pedigree , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Switzerland
5.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 8(4): 275-82, 1991 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1661632

ABSTRACT

The kinetics of immunoglobulins (Ig) and antibodies were followed in 10 bone marrow transplant recipients who received either high doses (0.5 g/kg body weight) of polyspecific intravenous Ig (HD-IVIG) weekly or cytomegalovirus hyper-Ig (CMV-IVIG, 0.1 g/kg body weight) every 3 weeks. In the HD-IVIG group, the mean total IgG concentration more than tripled and similar significant increases were seen for IgG1 and IgG2. IgG antibodies to CMV showed a marked increase in the HD-IVIG and a less pronounced rise in the CMV-IVIG group. IgM antibodies to CMV were present initially or became detectable in five patients, unrelated to the IVIG preparation. HD-IVIG induced a significant increase of IgG antibodies to streptococcal group A carbohydrate (A-CHO) and to smooth strain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) but not of antibodies against lipid-A. When the Ig treatment was discontinued, levels of total IgG and of IgG antibody to CMV decreased with an apparent half-life of 30 days. Both IVIG preparations were well tolerated and had no negative feedback on total Ig and on specific antibody production or other antimicrobial defence mechanisms. In patient nos. 4 and 10 who developed severe graft-versus-host-disease, transient serum Ig peaks including several Ig isotypes appeared after day 14. In patient no. 10 this peak contained an IgG antibody to H. influenzae type b (Hib), and IgM antibodies to CMV, Hib, A-CHO and LPS. This study clearly shows that serum concentrations of Ig isotypes, subtypes and specific antibodies, depend on at least four factors: total amount and composition of Ig infused, consumption, catabolism and endogenous production.


Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood , Immunoglobulins/metabolism , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage , Kinetics , Leukemia/immunology , Leukemia/surgery , Leukemia/therapy , Male
6.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr ; 121(12): 418-23, 1991 Mar 23.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2028245

ABSTRACT

Inherited deficiencies of classical pathway complement components are rare and associated with autoimmune diseases and with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. We report the clinical evolution and studies of the complement system in a 17-year-old female patient of Swiss origin presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus (malar rash, photosensitivity, leukopenia and antinuclear antibodies), in whom the hemolytically active second complement component (C2) was less than 10% of the normal value and antigenic C2 was not detectable. Linkage studies showed that the patient is HLA-A25, B18 positive and has the slow factor B allotype BfS. Further immunological assessment revealed low IgG4 concentrations in the patient, who had the G2M(23) allotype. The asymptomatic first degree family members had half-normal C2 levels compatible with a heterozygous state of C2 deficiency. Therapy with hydroxychloroquine for 17 months and topical sunscreen preparations produced marked clinical improvement. During the 4 years of follow-up, the patient has been well and shown only an abnormal titer of antinuclear antibodies. No infections were observed. To the best of our knowledge, 99 cases of homozygous C2 deficiency have been described so far and are discussed here.


Subject(s)
Complement C2/deficiency , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Adolescent , Complement C2/genetics , Female , HLA-A Antigens/isolation & purification , HLA-B Antigens/isolation & purification , HLA-B18 Antigen , Homozygote , Humans , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
7.
J Infect ; 22(1): 59-69, 1991 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2002233

ABSTRACT

Host defence mechanisms were analysed in a patient with three episodes of fulminant pneumococcaemia and one episode of bacteraemic epiglottitis with Haemophilus influenzae type b. The first episode took place 11 years after splenectomy for blunt abdominal trauma. Investigations revealed several host defence mechanisms to be impaired. In addition to the patient's asplenia, an inherited C2-deficiency was noted. Assessment of IgG subclasses repeatedly revealed markedly low IgG4 concentrations. These were not due to an increased turnover of IgG4, as could be shown following infusion of intravenous IgG. In addition, IgG2 concentrations were low in the patient who lacked G2M(23). Opsonic mediating antibodies against type 23-F pneumococci were in the range of those of non-immune volunteers 6 months after vaccination with a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. These antibodies did not increase after a septic episode with 23-F capsular-type pneumococci. Neutrophil function was apparently normal.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Antigens, Surface/immunology , Lipopolysaccharides/analysis , Pneumococcal Infections/immunology , Sepsis/immunology , Adolescent , Antibody Formation , Complement C2/deficiency , Humans , Male , Opsonin Proteins/physiology , Phagocytosis/physiology , Recurrence , Splenectomy
9.
Vox Sang ; 57(1): 10-4, 1989.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2508324

ABSTRACT

In immunodeficiency patients the lack of immunoglobulins (Ig) can be total or partial with a specific IgG subclass imbalance masked by normal values for total IgG. In the latter case therapy with intravenous IgG preparations (IVIG) is generally beneficial, provided the IVIG preparations used originate from large pools of normal blood donors and exhibit a normal IgG subclass distribution. We have analyzed the subclass distribution of three IVIG products: Sandoglobulin (SAGL), GamimuneN (GI), Gammagard (GG), 6-10 lots each, in four different laboratories. The competitive enzyme immunoassays and radial immunodiffusion methods used different monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, respectively. Despite minor interlaboratory differences, the results show that the slightly lower IgG1 content of SAGL versus GI and GG was quantitatively compensated by a higher proportion of IgG2, that no differences existed in IgG3 levels, but that one preparation (SAGL) contained 2-3% of IgG4 compared to 0.5-1.5% in GI and below 0.5% in GG. This difference was significant, the two latter preparations being at or below the lower limit of what are considered to be normal values found in human adults. Such differences may have important clinical consequences.


Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Antibodies, Viral/standards , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/classification , Immunoglobulin G/standards , Immunoglobulins/standards , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous , Infusions, Intravenous/standards
10.
Beitr Infusionsther ; 24: 112-21, 1989.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2481528

ABSTRACT

Ten consecutive bone marrow transplant recipients were assigned alternatively to receive either a high dose polyspecific intravenous immunglobulin (HDIVIG) 0.5 g/kg weekly X 14, or a conventional dose of a CMV specific intravenous immunglobulin (CMVIG) 0.1 g/kg every three weeks. Before and after each application we determined the levels of total IgG, IgG subclasses, IgG 1, IgG 2, IgG 3, IgG 4, total IgA and IgM and of specific IgG and IgM antibody concentrations against endotoxin, lipid A, streptococcus A, hemophilus, EBV and CMV. In the HDIVIG, total IgG rose from 11 (median, range 2-11) g/l to 25 (22-32) g/l by day 89, in the CMVIG group, IgG dropped from 11 (10-15) g/l to 9 (6-12) g/l. In the same period the mean levels of IgG subclasses expressed as % of normal plasma pool increased in the HDIVIG group in all subclasses, not in the CMVIG group. The differences were significant, however, only for IgG 1 and IgG 2. IgG-antibodies against CMV, EBV, endotoxin, streptococcus and hemophilus did increase significantly in the HDIVIG group, but not in the CMVIG group. No increase was seen in both groups in lipid A antibodies and in specific IgM antibodies. Each application of CMVIG induced a transient increase of anti-CMV antibodies. We conclude that HDIVIG induces reproducibly an increase of specific and non-specific IgG antibodies. No attempt was made to assess clinical outcome. However, these results provide a rational basis for further therapeutic studies.


Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Leukemia/therapy , Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , Adult , Antibody Specificity/immunology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology , Female , Humans , Leukemia/immunology , Male , Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Prospective Studies
11.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 76(4): 489-96, 1988 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2851268

ABSTRACT

In various ethnic groups of the Indonesian archipelago and of Bali, the polymorphisms of the serum proteins Gc globulin (vitamin D-binding protein), C3 (complement component 3), Bf (complement factor B), Ag x,y (lipoprotein allotypes), and of the red cell enzyme system GALT (galactose-1P-uridyltransferase) were analysed. Among the studied proteins, the Gc system was the most informative one for the anthropologist. Besides considerable differences of frequencies of the common alleles Gc*1F, Gc*1S and Gc*2, a number of rare alleles (1A1, 1A3, 1A8, 1A9, 1A12, 1C2, 1C21, 1C24, and 2C8) and some new ones (1C28, 1C29, 1C30, 2C9) were observed. The presence of Gc*1A1 demonstrates the relationship to the Australo-Melanesian populations, but Mongolian variants (1A3, 1A8, 1A9, 1C2) were also encountered. Within the C3 system a very high frequency of the C3*S allele was observed in all populations. The rare alleles C3*F0.55, C3S1, and C3*S0.5 were observed in some groups. A new allele (C3*F0.35) was detected in a Chinese individual and in a nobleman from Bali. The frequency of the Bf*F allele was rather low in general, and the Bf*S0.7 allele was found in three Indonesian individuals only. The Ag*(x) frequencies were rather high, as it is known for Asiatic populations. Variability among subgroups was not very pronounced. The GALT*2 allele (Duarte variant of the enzyme) was observed very rarely; however, it was present in several populations. Enzyme activities could not be determined, and therefore we cannot tell whether the galactosaemia gene (GALT*0) was present or not.


Subject(s)
Complement System Proteins/genetics , Erythrocytes/enzymology , Genetics, Population , Lipoproteins, LDL/genetics , Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Racial Groups/genetics , UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase/genetics , Vitamin D-Binding Protein/genetics , Complement C3/genetics , Genetic Markers/analysis , Genetic Markers/blood , Humans , Indonesia , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Phenotype , UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase/blood , Vitamin D-Binding Protein/blood
12.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr ; 118(3): 94-9, 1988 Jan 23.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3344414

ABSTRACT

Twenty patients with PKU or hyperphenylalaninemia at ages 0.1 to 15.6 years (median age 6.2 years) were studied prospectively. In all children the condition had been diagnosed when they were neonates on the basis of an abnormal Guthrie test. To maintain plasma phenylalanine levels between 0.2-0.5 mM, dietary restriction of phenylalanine to 20-80 mg/kg daily (median 40 mg/kg) was necessary in 14 children. In children above 8 years, however, these plasma levels were frequently exceeded. In 6 children plasma phenylalanine levels were higher than normal diet. Height, weight and head circumference were within normal range in all patients at all ages. Determinations of DQ/IQ were done at 2, 4, 6 and 8 years of age and revealed values between 90-120 with a median of 102 in the 14 patients who were tested. Only 1 patient had IQ levels between 75-85 and attended special school. Nine other patients were in grade school performing averagely or above. This study confirms that early treatment and long-term follow-up of patients with PKU yield good results. Unsolved problems include duration of dietary treatment and the management of pregnancy in women with PKU.


Subject(s)
Phenylalanine/blood , Phenylketonurias/diet therapy , Adolescent , Anthropometry , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Intelligence Tests , Male , Phenylketonurias/physiopathology , Phenylketonurias/psychology , Prospective Studies
13.
Clin Chem ; 32(6): 1013-6, 1986 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3754792

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the usefulness, in routine newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism, of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay kit (DELFIA Neonatal TSH) for the determination of thyrotropin (TSH) in dried blood spots. A total of 11 531 dried blood samples from newborns were tested in parallel in each of two Swiss screening laboratories, by RIA and DELFIA. Six cases of confirmed congenital hypothyroidism were detected during the study period. The rate of false-positive results, after single TSH determination in the DELFIA assay, was 0.16%. Correlation of RIA and DELFIA results for TSH was very good in both laboratories (0.959 and 0.97, respectively). The new method fulfills the criteria for precision and sensitivity of a screening assay. Screening results are usually available the day after the sample arrives in the laboratory, thus favoring early diagnosis and allowing treatment to begin by the seventh or eighth postnatal day.


Subject(s)
Thyrotropin/blood , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Humans , Immunoassay , Infant, Newborn , Mass Screening , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
15.
Hum Genet ; 65(2): 176-80, 1983.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6689165

ABSTRACT

Since the last report numerous new DBP (Gc) variants have been observed; at present a total of 84 different mutants can be distinguished. Several of them have similar electrophoretic mobilities and/or isoelectric points of conventional isoelectric focusing (IEF). IEF in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of 3 M urea is a convenient and efficient method for the detection of hidden variation.


Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/genetics , Genetic Variation , Isoelectric Focusing , Polymorphism, Genetic , Urea/analysis , Humans , Phenotype , Vitamin D-Binding Protein
16.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol ; 21(3): 321-31, 1983.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6676474

ABSTRACT

A collaborative study of 273 treated poisonings at three regional poison control centers showed a significant decrease in salicylism from 19% of all cases in 1970 to 9% in 1975 and 11% in 1980. A temporal correlation with safety packaging was also seen in the decrease in poisonings by household products from 36% and 42% of all treated poisonings in 1970 and 1975 to 21% in 1980. Poisonings by non-salicylate medications increased from 45% to 68% of treated ingestions. Therapeutic mishaps were relatively constant at 27%, 20% and 20% of all poisonings by medications. In children under one year of age 59% of medicinal poisonings were therapeutic mishaps, significantly higher than the 27% incidence for ages 1 to 5 years. Therapeutic mishaps and ingestions of household products resulted in significantly longer hospitalizations than accidental ingestion of medications. Additional data from two other regional centers permitted analysis of a total of 47 cases of treated salicylism. Therapeutic mishaps showed a possible upward trend from 27% of salicylate poisonings in 1970 to 36% in 1980. Almost all of the therapeutic mishaps with salicylates involved repeated overdose; 18 of the 19 mishaps due to other medications were allergic reactions.


Subject(s)
Poisoning/epidemiology , Accidents , Age Factors , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitalization , Household Products/poisoning , Humans , Infant , Male , Salicylates/poisoning , United States
17.
Tissue Antigens ; 20(4): 229-38, 1982 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6815824

ABSTRACT

One hundred eighty-two Balinese were typed for HLA-A and -B locus antigens. From these, 103 were also typed for HLA-C, 51 for HLA-DR, 172 for Bf and 173 for GLO. These results and the significant phenotypic associations are situated with respect to other South-East Asian populations. In addition to this first study, 175 individuals from an isolated Balinese village typed for HLA-A, -B, -DR, Bf and GLO are presented. The effect of isolation on haplotype (HLA-A/-B/Bf/-DR) variability is discussed.


Subject(s)
HLA Antigens/genetics , Asia, Southeastern , Consanguinity , Female , Gene Frequency , Genes, MHC Class II , Genetics, Population , HLA-A Antigens , HLA-B Antigens , HLA-C Antigens , HLA-DR Antigens , Humans , Indonesia , Male , Pacific Islands
18.
J Pediatr ; 100(5): 704-9, 1982 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7069531

ABSTRACT

The most frequent cause for an abnormal result during screening of newborn infants for galactosemia is double heterozygosity for Duarte variant and galactosemia, in which galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity is reduced to approximately 17% of normal. Thirty-nine oral galactose tolerance tests were performed in 27 infants and children with this condition. In comparison to age-matched controls, all children with this genetic variant reached much higher levels of blood galactose and galactose-1-phosphate following oral galactose challenge. The integrated plasma galactose response increased with the age of the child, whereas integrated erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate responses were elevated to the same degree at all ages. Although all children appeared clinically normal, the marked abnormalities in the ability to dispose of ingested galactose raise questions concerning appropriate dietary recommendations for such children.


Subject(s)
Galactose/metabolism , Galactosemias/genetics , Heterozygote , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Child , Child, Preschool , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Galactosemias/diet therapy , Galactosemias/metabolism , Galactosephosphates/blood , Genes , Humans , Infant , Prospective Studies , UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase/metabolism
19.
Vox Sang ; 42(2): 62-73, 1982 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6977944

ABSTRACT

In this comparative study we investigated 14 immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations for intravenous application; they were prepared by various manufacturers who used either placental or venous blood as the starting material. The pepsin- and plasmin-treated products and a preparation which, according to the manufacturer, was not degraded enzymatically, contained 17-86% of IgG split products. On the other hand, three chemically modified preparations, one preparation treated at pH 4, for products treated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and one preparation protected by albumin contained 90% or more of non-fragmented IgG. The IgG subclass distribution corresponded to the distribution of subclasses in normal serum only in the nonmodified and not enzymatically degraded preparations. All samples except one contained 0.1 mg/ml IgA or more, all contained only traces of IgM. No product had clinically relevant titers of irregular antibodies against erythrocyte antigens. The content of those antiviral and antibacterial antibodies that were tested for was similar in all preparations. Only the anti-HBs activity exhibited large variations. Some PEG-treated preparations showed an elevated prekallikrein activator (PKA) level, whereas all other preparations contained, if any, only traces of PKA.


Subject(s)
Antibodies/analysis , Blood Proteins/analysis , Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use , ABO Blood-Group System/immunology , Chromatography, Gel , Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Factor XII/analysis , Factor XIIa , Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/classification , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Injections, Intravenous , Isoantibodies/analysis , Peptide Fragments/analysis
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