ABSTRACT
Genotoxic properties of the food additive propionic acid were analysed using the Escherichia coli DNA repair assay, the SOS chromotest, the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test, the sister chromatid exchange test in vitro and the micronucleus test in vivo. All tests except the DNA repair assay with E. coli yielded negative results. These data support other evidence that propionic acid is not mutagenic and that genotoxic events are unlikely to be the cause of forestomach lesions in rats fed propionic acid in the diet (Griem, Bundesgesundheitsblatt 1985, 28, 322).
Subject(s)
Food Additives/toxicity , Mutagens , Propionates/toxicity , Animals , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , DNA Repair/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , Female , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Mutagenicity Tests , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effectsABSTRACT
Three-carbon chemicals (chlorinated and nonchlorinated, saturated and unsaturated, hydroxy- and oxo-hydrocarbons) were assayed for genotoxicity. The sister chromatid exchange test in vitro served as the test system. Without S9 mix, the nonchlorinated solvents 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 2-propanone (acetone) did not increase the SCE frequencies. All chlorinated 3-C hydrocarbons, except 1,2,3-trichloropropane, proved to be potent SCE inducers in V79 cells without S9 mix. In the presence of S9 mix, the results obtained with the nonchlorinated solvents were also negative, whereas 1,2,3-trichloropropane was transformed to SCE-inducing metabolites. The addition of S9 mix resulted in an increased SCE rate for 2,3-dichloropropanol, whereas genotoxicity of 2,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, and 1,3-dichloropropanone was reduced. 1,3-dichloropropanol, 1,3-dichloropropene, and epichlorohydrin were substantially inactivated by S9 mix in the V79/SCE test. It can be concluded that the reactivity of the saturated dichloro compounds in the SCE test depends on the degree of oxidation. There is no general difference between the reactivity of alpha, beta-dichloro and alpha, omega-dichloro compounds.
Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/toxicity , Mutagens , Propane/analogs & derivatives , Propane/toxicity , Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects , Animals , Biotransformation , Cell Line , Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The androgen trenbolone, and the mycoestrogen zeranol, both anabolic drugs, were tested for their genotoxic potential. Test systems were the SOS-chromotest, the rec-assay and the V79 sister chromatid exchange test without and with metabolic activation using rat liver homogenates and primary rat hepatocytes. It is still a matter of debate if trenbolone has carcinogenic properties, because of its cell transforming activity in vitro. Trenbolone, however, did not demonstrate any genotoxic effect in the assays performed. The results obtained for zeranol were also negative in the SOS-chromotest and V79 sister chromatid exchange test but positive in the rec-assay.
