Bis(acetylacetonato) dioxomolybdenum(VI) catalysed rearrangement of methylbutynol in the presence of ultrasound.

The molybdenum (VI) catalysed rearrangement of methylbutynol was carried out under the influence of ultrasound (20 kHz). Surprisingly, 2-methylpropene (isobutene) was found as the main product. The formation of isobutene can be explained by rearrangement to prenal, oxidation to 3,3-dimethylacrylic acid and then decarboxylation. 3,3-Dimethylacrylic acid was decarboxylated in the presence of ultrasound and a catalyst; without a catalyst or without ultrasound (at 50 degrees C) it remained unchanged.

Synergistic Interaction Between Anabaena and Zoogloea spp. in Carbon Dioxide-Limited Continuous Cultures.

Flocs consisting of Anabaena and Zoogloea spp. were used as a model system for the study of planktonic phototroph-heterotroph interactions. In CO(2)-limited continuous culture (3.2 mumol of NaHCO(3) liter h, 1.5 mumol of glucose liter h, pH 8.5, D = 0.026 h), the biomass of the phototroph increased 8.6-fold due to association. However, direct CO(2) exchange accounted for only a 3.8-fold increase. When the glucose supply rate was increased to 7.5 mumol liter h, there was a 26-fold increase in biomass. When CO(2) was supplied in excess, there was no difference due to association. In batch culture, using the same medium, the specific growth rate was 0.029 h for the phototroph alone and 0.047 h for the phototroph in association with the heterotroph. The stimulatory effect of the heterotroph was found only under CO(2)-limiting conditions and was directly related to the concentration of organic matter supplied in the medium. Both the biomass and the growth rate of the Anabaena sp. were increased by association with the Zoogloea sp. Thus, dissolved organic matter may substitute for CO(2) to maximize both growth rate and biomass production by phototrophs when heterotrophic bacteria are present.

[Studies on anesthetized and unanesthetized slaughter pigs. 2. Behavior of the electrocardiogram]. / Untersuchungen an betäubten und nicht betäubten Schlachtshweinen 2. Mitteilung: Verhalten des Elektrokardiogramms.

Electrocardiographic tests were applied to slaughter pigs and showed continuous rise of the heart rate from anaesthetisation to the debleeding prick at which point its maximum was 86% beyond the original value. The duration of the intraventricular electric systoles was 0.290 s prior to the debleeding prick and 0.281 s thereafter. The intraventricular electric diastoles were 0.241 s prior to debleeding and 0.303 s after it. No significant modification in diastolic time was observed prior to the debleeding prick. ST duration dropped from an original level of 0.222 s to a minimum of 0.173 at the point of pricking.

[Studies on anesthetized and nonanesthetized slaughter swine. 1. Blood pressure]. / Untersuchungen an betäubten und nicht betäubten Schlachtschweinen. 1. Blutdruckverhalten

The blood pressure of pigs for slaughter were measured. Onset of electric anaesthesia was followed by blood pressure rise of about 25 per cent. Peak values of 100 per cent in excess of the original pressure were recorded in some cases. Termination of the electric stimulus, generally, was followed by sudden blood pressure drop. The original pressure usually was reached ten seconds from the debleeding puncture. With continued debleeding, it stayed at 75 mm Hg after 50 seconds on average. Extraordinary high rise in blood pressure in response to electric stimulation usually was followed by rapid pressure drop, whereas in cases with moderate rise at the time of anaesthesia the subsequent decline was at slower rates.

[Feasibility of using meat from swine with diet-related yellow coloration of the fat]. / Möglichkeiten zur Verwertung des Fleisches von Schweinen mit fütterungsbedingter Gelbfärbung des Fettes

The utilization of the flesh of swine objected to because of dietarily-induced yellowing of the fat is an economic problem. The causes of yellowing are explained on the basis of relevant literature and results from studies of the author. The potential use of this flesh in making raw sausages is investigated. The results obtained justify such an utilization. The knowledge acquired permits to recommend this flesh for the manufacture of "Knacker" (a highly seasoned dried sausage) and "Braunschweiger Mettwurst grob" (a kind of Bologna sausage).

[Consistometric studies on meat and meat products. V. Determination of consistency of raw and smoked bacon at various temperatures of bacon]. / Konsistometrische Untersuchungen an Fleisch und Fleischprodukten. V. Ermittlung der Konsistenz von rohem und geräuchertem Speck bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen des Speckes

Penetration values for the superficial (cutaneous) part of bacon in the raw state were smaller than the deeper (subcutaneous) part, because of the high connective tissue content of the superficial part. The course of the curve of penetration in relation to temperature varied within the range of 1 to 60 units in cutaneous bacon, and up to 90 units in subcutaneous bacon; penetration values increased with increasing temperature. Penetration values for the superficial and deep parts of smoked bacaon were similar to those of unsmoked bacon.