ABSTRACT
The use of animals in cancer research continues to be important for the study of tumor biology, the development and testing of new therapies, and risk assessment. The new knowledge generated from this research contributes to the health and welfare not only of human beings, but also of animals which develop cancer. However, the use of animals for cancer research is a privilege which carries with it scientific, professional, and moral obligations. The three tenets of a sound animal research program include good science, humane care, and regulatory compliance. Recognizing the complex interactions in the tumor-animal model, the investigator needs to address a wide range of issues during experimental design and implementation including animal welfare concerns, complicating factors in colony management, and compliance with laws, regulations, and policies. Therefore, both practical and philosophical considerations enjoin researchers to maintain the highest standards of animal care.
Subject(s)
Animal Welfare , Animals, Laboratory , Disease Models, Animal , Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy , Animals , Humans , Research DesignABSTRACT
A metabolic screening program of inbred strains of mice has detected a marked organic aciduria in the BALB/cByJ strain. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis identified large quantities of n-butyrylglycine plus lesser quantities of ethylmalonic acid. Crosses with the nonexcreting C57BL/6J strain indicate that this condition is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Independently from this screening a variant with no detectable enzyme activity of butyryl CoA dehydrogenase (BCD) in liver and kidney of the BALB/cByJ strain but not other BALB/c sublines was discovered. Data from a three-point cross indicated that the null variant maps to the structural locus for the enzyme, Bcd-1, on chromosome 5. The findings indicate that a mutation at or near Bcd-1 in the BALB/cByJ strain resulted in a biochemical abnormality manifest as the BCD deficiency. It is concluded that accumulation of butyryl CoA due to a block in the oxidation of short-chain fatty acids results in an overproduction of organic metabolites leading to the observed organic aciduria. The fact that other BALB/c substrains do not exhibit this abnormality further suggests that this disorder reflects subline divergence within the BALB/c family.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acid Desaturases/deficiency , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Malonates/urine , Mice, Inbred BALB C/genetics , Animals , Butyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase , Crosses, Genetic , Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Genetic Variation , Glycine/urine , Isoenzymes/deficiency , Isoenzymes/genetics , Male , Mice , Phenotype , Sex Factors , Species SpecificitySubject(s)
Cholesteatoma/veterinary , Ear Diseases/veterinary , Gerbillinae , Animals , Cholesteatoma/diagnosis , Ear Diseases/diagnosis , Ear, Middle , Head , Male , PostureSubject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms/veterinary , Endometriosis/veterinary , Hemoperitoneum/veterinary , Macaca mulatta , Macaca , Monkey Diseases/diagnosis , Abdominal Neoplasms/complications , Abdominal Neoplasms/therapy , Animals , Animals, Wild , Endometriosis/complications , Endometriosis/therapy , Female , Hemoperitoneum/etiology , Hemoperitoneum/therapy , Monkey Diseases/therapy , PrimatesABSTRACT
The activated coagulation time test provided a rapid yet accurate measurement of the intrinsic clotting system in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) whole blood. Other advantages of this test included reproducibility, no requirement for control samples, low cost and commercial availability. The mean activated coagulation time value for 60 normal rhesus monkeys was 96 seconds with a range of 77 to 125 seconds. There were no significant differences due to sex, venipuncture site and time of blood collection.
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory/blood , Blood Coagulation Tests/veterinary , Blood Coagulation , Macaca mulatta/blood , Macaca/blood , Whole Blood Coagulation Time/veterinary , Animals , Female , Male , Sex Factors , Time Factors , Whole Blood Coagulation Time/methodsSubject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/veterinary , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/veterinary , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Animals , Cat Diseases/therapy , Cats , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/secondary , Kidney Neoplasms/veterinary , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Lymphatic Metastasis , MaleABSTRACT
A biometric study, using A-mode ultrasonography, was done on 32 eyes in 17 clinically normal dogs in vivo. A ringstand technique, using a saline bath supported by a plastic membrane, was used for applying ultrasound to the eye. Four intraocular dimensions were measured, including the distance from the anterior cornea to the anterior lens surface, the lens thickness, the distance from the posterior lens surface to the retina, and the distance from the anterior cornea to the retina. Statistical difference was not found between the total axial length of the right eye compared with the length of the left eye. There was, however, a significant increase of the total axial length of the eye in the male over that in the eye in the female dog (P less than 0.05). Tissue velocities for ultrasound in the canine aqueous and vitreous were equated to the velocity of ultrasound in distilled water at 38.6 C. The tissue velocity of the canine lens was determined experimentally to be 1,710 m/s and was shown to be greater than was the lens velocities in other species. Seemingly, adverse effects from ultrasound exposure were not seen.
