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1.
Sci Adv ; 10(22): eadk8556, 2024 May 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38809972

ABSTRACT

Increasing ethnic and racial diversity often fuels feelings of threat among ethnic-racial majorities (e.g., self-identified white Americans and European nationals). We contend that these threat perceptions depend on the policy context. Across four studies, we test whether more inclusive immigrant integration policies attenuate ethnic-racial majorities' threat reactions. Studies 1 to 3 (n = 469, 733, and 1745, respectively) used experimental methods with white American participants in the United States. Study 4 (n = 499,075) used secondary analysis of survey data comparing attitudes of nationals in 30 European countries and measured the impact of actual changes in diversity and policies over 10 years. Our results show that integration policies shape threat reactions even in those situations when increasing diversity could be seen as the most threatening: when narratives highlight the majority's impending minority position or when diversity suddenly increases. When policies are more inclusive toward immigrants, ethnic-racial majority participants report less threat (or no threat) in response to increasing diversity.


Subject(s)
Cultural Diversity , Ethnicity , Humans , Ethnicity/psychology , United States , Male , Female , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Adult , Attitude , White People/psychology , Racial Groups/psychology
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 115(5): 945-950, 2018 01 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29339480

ABSTRACT

In the past 15 years, the adoption of subnational immigration policies in the United States, such as those established by individual states, has gone from nearly zero to over 300 per year. These include welcoming policies aimed at attracting and incorporating immigrants, as well as unwelcoming policies directed at denying immigrants access to public resources and services. Using data from a 2016 random digit-dialing telephone survey with an embedded experiment, we examine whether institutional support for policies that are either welcoming or hostile toward immigrants differentially shape Latinos' and whites' feelings of belonging in their state (Arizona/New Mexico, adjacent states with contrasting immigration policies). We randomly assigned individuals from the representative sample (n = 1,903) of Latinos (US and foreign born) and whites (all US born) to consider policies that were either welcoming of or hostile toward immigrants. Across both states of residence, Latinos, especially those foreign born, regardless of citizenship, expressed more positive affect and greater belonging when primed with a welcoming (vs. hostile) policy. Demonstrating the importance of local norms, these patterns held among US-born whites, except among self-identified politically conservative whites, who showed more negative affect and lower levels of belonging in response to welcoming policies. Thus, welcoming immigration policies, supported by institutional authorities, can create a sense of belonging not only among newcomers that is vital to successful integration but also among a large segment of the population that is not a direct beneficiary of such policies-US-born whites.


Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation & jurisprudence , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arizona , Attitude , Female , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , New Mexico , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States , White People/psychology , Young Adult
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