ABSTRACT
Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Little is known about male infection. Nonavalent vaccine against types 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was approved and neutral gender immunization programs have been proposed. This study evaluates the potential impact of nonavalent vaccine compared to quadrivalent in male living in Sicily (Italy). 58.7% of samples were HPV positive and forty-four types of HPV were identified. A significant higher estimated coverage of nonavalent vaccine than quadrivalent was observed (64.3% vs. 45.8%), with absolute and relative additional impact of 20.1% and 47.2%, respectively. Low impact of the vaccine were calculated as the empirical probability of HPV genotypes 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 alone or in combination; the high impact as empirical probability of HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 genotypes alone or in association with other genotypes. The potential impact of the nonavalent vaccine vs quadrivalent was significant for low and high impact (29.7% > 18:8%; 34:6% > 26.6%, respectively). Particularly, in men with lesions and risky sexual contact was significant only for low impact (35.5% > 29.7%; 31.4% > 19.7%, respectively). In partners with positive females was significant for low impact (26.3% > 15.1%) and high impact (33.7% > 23.2%). Nonavalent vaccine offers broader protection in men with HPV positive partners, who would have a potential role in the transmission of the infection.
Subject(s)
Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Papillomavirus Infections/transmission , Sicily/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: MS is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease resulting from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Among these, vitamin D and genetic variants associated with vitamin D-metabolism gain great attention. The aim of our study was to assess five SNPs in NADSYN1 and CYP2R1 genes in relation to serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 levels in MS patients and controls. METHODS: 25-OH-vitamin D3 levels and genotyping of CYP2R1- and NADSYN1-SNPs were investigated both in MS patients and in healthy controls. RESULTS: The analysis revealed lower 25-OH-vitamin D3 concentrations in MS patients than in controls and an association of rs10766197 CYP2R1 SNP with MS risk. After stratifying MS patients according to gender, we found that the minor allele A of rs10766197 had a higher frequency in men in comparison to women affected by MS. Additionally, the presence of allele A in men was associated with disease progression, assessed by EDSS and MSSS scores. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study open new perspectives for a role of CYP2R1 in both risk and progression of MS, with sex-related differences.
Subject(s)
Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/genetics , Cytochrome P450 Family 2/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Multiple Sclerosis/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Adult , Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Disability Evaluation , Disease Progression , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis/blood , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Vitamin D/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) sperm infection and its correlation with sperm parameters in patients who attended a fertility clinic. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. SETTING: University-affiliated reproductive medicine clinic. PATIENT(S): A total of 308 male partners of couples undergoing in vitro fertilization techniques. INTERVENTION(S): Specimens of semen were collected from all patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm parameters were evaluated according to the World Health Organization manual. The presence of HPV DNA was researched by the combined use of two HPV assays and a highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction assay followed by HPV genotyping. To examine whether HPV was associated with the sperm, in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis was performed. RESULT(S): Results of HPV investigation were compared with sperm parameters and ISH analysis. Twenty-four out of 308 semen samples (7.8%) were HPV DNA positive, but HPV infection did not seem to affect semen quality. Moreover, ISH revealed a clear HPV localization at the equatorial region of sperm head in infected samples. CONCLUSION(S): Oncogenic HPV genotypes were detected on spermatozoa from asymptomatic subjects, but a role of the infection in male infertility was not demonstrated.
Subject(s)
DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Fertility , Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests , Infertility, Male/virology , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Spermatozoa/virology , Academic Medical Centers , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Fertilization in Vitro , Genotype , Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests/methods , Humans , In Situ Hybridization , Infertility, Male/diagnosis , Infertility, Male/physiopathology , Infertility, Male/therapy , Male , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Sperm Count , Sperm Head/virology , Sperm Motility , Spermatozoa/pathologyABSTRACT
A prospective study was performed to assess the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in 199 infertile couples and outcome of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). A highly statistically significant correlation between pregnancy loss rate (proportion of pregnancies detected by ß-hCG that did not progress beyond 20 weeks) and positive HPV DNA testing in the male partner of infertile couples, compared with HPV negatives, was observed (66.7% vs. 15%).
