ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: About 90% of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus worsens AD by secreting superantigens and structural molecules within the cell wall that induce skin inflammation. Therefore, S. aureus in the home may contribute to persistent skin inflammation and disease severity. OBJECTIVE: To quantify S. aureus burden in homes of participants with AD of varying severities. METHODS: Participants with mild (n=18), moderate (n=14), severe (n=15), and no AD (n=15), collected dust from their bed and bedroom floor, and from their home vacuum cleaner bag. DNA was extracted from dust samples, and the S. aureus-specific femB gene was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. Data was log-transformed, and then statistically analysed with anova, student's t-test, and Spearman's r. RESULTS: Participants with severe AD (geometric mean: 14.67 pg/mg dust) had significantly more S. aureus DNA in their bed dust than those with moderate (0.41 pg/mg dust, P<0.0001), mild (1.42 pg/mg dust, P=0.0051), and no AD [0.09 pg/mg dust, P<0.0001 (t-test)]. Similar patterns were observed for dust from the bedroom floors and vacuum bags. S. aureus DNA was highest in dust from beds as compared with bedroom floors or vacuum bags (medians: 1.51, 0.69, 0.21 pg/mg dust, respectively; P=0.007). Eczema Area and Severity Index scores correlated with S. aureus DNA from the bed (Spearman's r=0.7263; P=0.0004) and floor (0.6846; P=0.0002) dust, but not with the vacuum bag dust (0.3783; 0.0684). CONCLUSIONS: In the home and especially the bedroom, higher levels of S. aureus may contribute to disease severity and persistence in AD patients.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/microbiology , Dust/analysis , Housing , Severity of Illness Index , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Bedding and Linens , Child , Child, Preschool , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Dermatitis, Atopic/physiopathology , Eczema/microbiology , Eczema/physiopathology , Floors and Floorcoverings , Humans , Infant , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Staphylococcus aureus/geneticsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of four intensities of tactile-thermal application (TTA) to changes in duration of stage transition (DST) and performance on a newly designed scale of penetration and aspiration by groups of patients made dysphagic by stroke. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 150, 300, 450, or 600 trials of TTA during each of 2 weeks. Data on the time required to provide such treatment, the actual number of trials clinicians were able to provide, and on the influence of the four intensities are provided. No single intensity emerged as the most therapeutic. It is suggested that subsequent studies with larger groups include intensities between 300 and 550.
