Hemocyanin re-uptake in the renal and branchial heart appendages of the coleoid cephalopod Sepia officinalis.

The renal and branchial heart appendages of Sepia officinalis L. were investigated in order to elucidate a possible involvement of their excretory epithelia in hemocyanin metabolism. Immunocytochemical findings and tracer experiments indicate that after passing the barrier of ultrafiltration the hemocyanin molecules are taken up by the epithelial cells of the renal and branchial heart appendages and are subsequently carried back to the circulatory system, suggesting a mechanism of hemocyanin recycling. Apart from a function in maintaining constant hemocyanin levels, the present study indicates that the renal and branchial heart appendages are also sites of temporary hemocyanin storage.

Cytobiological studies on hemocyanin metabolism in the branchial heart complex of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda, Dibranchiata).

The present study confirms previous investigations that demonstrated a high copper content in the branchial heart and its appendage, and that gave the first indication that this organ complex might be involved in hemocyanin metabolism in Sepia officinalis L. Immunocytochemical localization of hemocyanin molecules within the endocytotic lysosomal system of the ovoid cells and tracer experiments with 125I-labeled Sepia hemocyanin suggest its endocytotic uptake. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis and histochemical methods reveal a high copper content within the ovoid cells of the branchial heart. In view of the turnover of the respiratory pigment in the branchial heart of Sepia officinalis L., we believe that the ovoid cells are a site of hemocyanin catabolism.

[A comparison of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in the treatment of chronic urinary tract infections]. / Vergleich von Cinoxacin und Nalidixinsäure bei der Behandlung von chronischen Harnwegsinfektionen.

A total of 60 patients with chronic urinary tract infections were included in this comparative study. 29 patients received cinoxacin and 31 nalidixic acid for a period of ten days. There were five therapy failures in the cinoxacin group and nine in the nalidixic acid group. Drug-related side-effects were reported by 11 patients in the cinoxacin group and by 13 patients in the nalidixic acid group. Gastrointestinal and central nervous disturbances were the adverse reactions which occurred most frequently. In all cases side-effects disappeared quickly after therapy was discontinued.

[Chronic pyelonephritis from a clinical viewpoint]. / Die chronische Pyelonephritis aus klinischer Sicht.

The chronic pyelonephritis is an unspecific, bacterial, focal, interstitial nephritis with faculative participation of the pyelon. It is differentiated between an obstructive (secondary) and non-obstructive (primary) form. It is referred to the importance of risk factors and risk groups deriving themselves from this. Without doubt, the chronic pyelonephritis is the most frequent renal disease which is confirmed by new statistics of morbidity. The diagnostics still renders difficulties. In a course poor in symptoms it is not thought of the existence of the disease. For the rational dignostics in practice a step plan is recommended. In every case diagnostics should precede therapy. A therapeutic nihilism is to be avoided. A schematic treatment used without criticism and without taking into consideration individual peculiarities, secondary diseases, pregnancy and so on is to be abandoned. Short-term therapy and long-term prevention must be tuned one to another and possibly rationally combined. A plan for the long-term control in the renal dispensary is proposed.

Illnesses associated with extreme elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in children.

The laboratory and hospital records were reviewed for the 156 children seen at Milwaukee Children's Hospital over a thirty-one month period with erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) greater than or equal to 100 mm/hr. Fifty-five per cent of the children had an underlying infectious disease, 25 per cent had a collagen or renal disease, 13 per cent had neoplasms, and 6 per cent had miscellaneous disease processes. Patients with infectious diseases and high ESRs were significantly younger, significantly more febrile, and had higher leukocyte and absolute band counts than did patients in the other groups. Patients with malignancy had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, leukocyite and absolute PMN counts. Some patients did die during the 30-month study period but not during the particular hospitalization in which the ESR was obtained.

[The effect of training on the physical fitness of patients with chronic kidney failure]. / Der Einfluss körperlichen Trainings auf die physische Leistungsfähigkeit chronisch niereninsuffizienter Patienten.

Apart from the specifically uraemically conditioned decreasing in vitality factors a physically inactivity which originates from the want of the patient or is iatrogenically induced, respectively is one of the causes for the decrease in physical vitality in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. 10 patients with chronic renal disease (serum creatinine 9.2 mg%) after an ergometric test were trained regularly twice a week for 30 minutes with a training intensity which corresponded to 80% of the load intensity. After a training duration of 15 weeks 9 of the 10 patients yielded a better result, in one female patient the bicycle-ergometric effect remained constant. The physical load capacity of the successfully trained 9 patients increased by 22.2 W from 80,5 W to 102.7 W. This corresponds to a 27.6% increase in vitality. After the end of the training the patients achieved a result which is higher than that of untrained patients with renal insufficiency in the same region of insufficiency. In comparison to healthy persons of the same age before the training the patients were to be loaded with 71% and after the training with 92% of the normal. The result of the training can also be read at a decrease of the heart rate and at a shortening of the recreation phase after constant load. The significant decrease of the systolic blood pressure on the 50 W-step indicates to a favourable influence of the RR-behaviour.

[Effect of chemotherapy on kidney function in pyelonephritis due to calculi with kidney insufficiency]. / Einfluss der Chemotherapie auf die Nierenktion bei Steinpyelonephritis mit Niereninsuffizienz.

In patients with stone pyelonephritis the behaviour of the renal function under the influence of chemotherapy was examined at the stage of the compensated retention. 24 cures carried out on clinical conditions on 10 patients with an average age of 52 years (14--71) were evaluated. By means of chemotherapy in connection with the treatment of anaemia and the compensation of acidosis the renal function could favourably be influenced and the terminal stage of the renal insufficiency could be shifted. The author adopts a definite attitude to the long-term prophylaxis.