ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefits of switching to didanosine compared with continuing zidovudine among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have previously used zidovudine and have signs of clinical deterioration. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, two-armed, parallel, comparative clinical trial with a blinded, compassionate crossover provision at 12 weeks. SETTING: Outpatient clinics at 19 tertiary care medical centers. PATIENTS: 312 patients infected with HIV who had received zidovudine for 6 months or more, had CD4 cell counts of 300/mm3 or less, and had signs of clinical deterioration within 12 weeks before study entry. INTERVENTION: Peroral didanosine tablets (600 mg/d adjusted for weight, "high dose") or zidovudine capsules (600 mg/d). MEASUREMENTS: Primary study end points were death, a new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--defining event, or the combination of two new or recurrent HIV-related diagnoses with a 50% decrease in CD4 cells. RESULTS: Switching to didanosine was associated with fewer end points than continuing zidovudine (relative risk [RR] for zidovudine:didanosine = 1.5; 95% Cl, 1.1 to 2.0). This benefit was consistent across subgroups of patients with either AIDS-related complex or AIDS and was most apparent among those with a CD4 count at entry of 100/mm3 or more (RR = 2.2; Cl, 1.1 to 4.4). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a positive treatment effect for switching from zidovudine to didanosine among patients with either AIDS-related complex or AIDS and validates the common practice of using clinical signs or a decrease in the CD4 count as an indication for changing therapy.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Complex/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Complex/immunology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Adult , Aged , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Didanosine/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Zidovudine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The first case of infective endocarditis caused by the anaerobe Staphylococcus saccharolyticus is reported. The infection occurred in a previously healthy 61-year-old male with no known predisposing valvular heart disease. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of 2 g of nafcillin every 4 h and 90 mg of gentamicin every 8 h for 6 weeks.
Subject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Peptococcus/pathogenicity , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Drug Therapy, Combination/therapeutic use , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nafcillin/therapeutic use , Peptococcus/classification , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
To further characterize HIV-1 and HIV-2 Western blot indeterminate (IWB) sera, 402 sera from 318 healthy low-risk individuals from West Virginia and 159 African sera obtained in the pre-AIDS era (1968-1972) were studied. All IWB sera tested for antigen by HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay (EIA-Ag) were negative. HIV-1 and HIV-2 IWB reactivity occurred independent of HIV-1 and HIV-2 false-positive testing for antibody by enzyme immunoassay (EIA-Ab) and no cross-reactions between HIV-1 and HIV-2 IWB patterns were detected. The IWB patterns were reproducible, demonstrated no age or sex related pattern, and showed no evidence of vertical or horizontal transmission. The African sera exhibited a significantly higher number of IWB patterns. IWB reactivity in HIV-1 and HIV-2 seronegative individuals may not be viral in origin and the occurrence of IWB pattern may vary among populations.
