ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Coffee consumption has been reported to decrease oxidative damage in peripheral white blood cells (WBC). However, effects on the level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks, a well established marker of health risk, have not been specifically reported yet. We analyzed the impact of consuming a dark roast coffee blend on the level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks. METHODS: Healthy men (n = 84) were randomized to consume daily for 4 weeks either 750 ml of fresh coffee brew or 750 ml of water, subsequent to a run in washout phase of 4 weeks. The study coffee was a blend providing high amounts of both caffeoylquinic acids (10.18 ± 0.33 mg/g) and the roast product N-methylpyridinium (1.10 ± 0.05 mg/g). Before and after the coffee/water consumption phase, spontaneous strand breaks were determined by comet assay. RESULTS: At baseline, both groups exhibited a similar level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks. In the intervention phase, spontaneous DNA strand breaks slightly increased in the control (water only) group whereas they significantly decreased in the coffee group, leading to a 27% difference within both arms (p = 0.0002). Food frequency questionnaires indicated no differences in the overall diet between groups, and mean body weight during the intervention phases remained stable. The consumption of the study coffee substantially lowered the level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks in WBC. CONCLUSION: We conclude that regular coffee consumption contributes to DNA integrity.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Coffee , DNA Breaks , Food Handling , Leukocytes/metabolism , Adult , Alkaloids/administration & dosage , Alkaloids/analysis , Alkaloids/urine , Antioxidants/analysis , Biomarkers/blood , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Caffeine/analysis , Coffea/chemistry , Coffee/chemistry , Cohort Studies , Comet Assay , Germany , Hot Temperature , Humans , Male , Patient Compliance , Pyridinium Compounds/administration & dosage , Pyridinium Compounds/analysis , Pyridinium Compounds/urine , Quinic Acid/administration & dosage , Quinic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Quinic Acid/analysis , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
Transtympanic electrical stimulation, either in the form of round window or promontory placement of electrode prior to cochlear implantation is an accepted and commonly used psychophysical tool. Certain response parameters have been identified as predictors of outcome. This study compared the subjective auditory responses generated by promontory electrical stimulation (PES) with those from two noninvasive modalities, namely peritympanic electrical stimulation (PTES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Ten postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant candidates were studied. Standard psychophysical parameters were obtained from patients undergoing PES and PTES. A more subjective form of evaluation was conducted for TMS. Subsequently, nine patients received the multichannel Nucleus (Cochlear Corp., Denver, CO, U.S.A.) implant and one patient a Clarion (Advanced Bionics, Sylmar, CA, U.S.A.) implant. Compared with PES. PTES elicited increased threshold responses with similar dynamic ranges between 50 and 400 Hz of stimulation. The differences were, by and large, insignificant. PTES appeared to be a useful alternative in selected individuals owing to its noninvasiveness. TMS, on the other hand, was incapable of clearly inducing auditory percepts. It also produced concomitant facial and trigeminal stimulation, limiting its potential use as a prognostic tool.
