ABSTRACT
Rhipsalis juengeri was described in 1995 as an unusual representative of epiphytic cacti, forming more than 3 m long curtains, hanging from the canopy of the Atlantic Rainforest in eastern Brazil. At the apex of thin, pendant shoots, green-brownish berries are formed. We report here as a novelty for the Cactaceae that these berries are strongly scented, and present an odour analysis along with an olfactoric survey of fruits of about 50 species and varieties of the cactus tribe Rhipsalideae. The volatile blend of berries of R. juengeri is dominated by ketones, some of which are responsible for the characteristic blackcurrant-like scent, as is shown by GC-olfactometry. The odour and inconspicuous colour stand out among fruits of other epiphytic cacti that are thought to be consumed by birds. Fruit characters of R. juengeri and the flagellicarpic presentation indicate adaptation to chiropterochory.
Subject(s)
Cactaceae/physiology , Chiroptera/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Fruit/physiology , Odorants , Animals , Flowers , Fruit/chemistry , Ketones/analysis , Reproduction/physiologyABSTRACT
Many columnar cacti are bat pollinated. It has been suggested that this kind of pollination would be more important in tropical than in temperate regions where flowers are open only one night. Thrichocereus pasacana produces big and resistant white flowers. We analyzed flower characteristics, floral cycle, stigmatic receptivity, nectar production, pollen presence and floral visitors in a T. pasacana population at National Park Los Cardones (Salta, Argentina) in November 1997. Flower features were constant between individuals of the population. Flowers start opening at evening and anthesis time is from 18 to 40 hs. The estigma was receptive throughout the floral cycle. Anther dehiscence occurs with flower opening. Nectar production was highest between 18 to 24 hs. Although T. pasacana are open during the night, floral visitors are diurnal. The most frequent was Xylocopa sp. In the study area, nectarivorous bats were not detected. The morphological features of T. pasacana flowers were similar but bigger compared to other columnar cacti. Anthesis time was also longer while nectar production was lower. T. pasacana pollination at National Park Los Cardones is done by bees.
