ABSTRACT
Standard enthalpies of formation of ternary phases in the Cu-Ni-Sn system were determined along sections at 25, 41 and 45.5 at.% Sn applying tin solution drop calorimetry. Generally, the interaction of Ni with Sn is much stronger than that of Cu with Sn. Along all sections the enthalpy of formation changes almost linearly with the mutual substitution of Cu and Ni within the respective homogeneity ranges. Thus no additional ternary interaction promoting the formation of further Cu-Ni-Sn phases can be assumed. The results are discussed and compared with literature values relevant to this system.
ABSTRACT
The phase equilibria of the ternary system In-Ni-Sn were investigated experimentally at 700 °C using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including electron micro probe analysis (EMPA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). A corresponding isothermal section was established based on these results. This particular temperature was chosen because it allowed obtaining reliable results within reasonable time. The existence of the ternary phase InNi6Sn5 was confirmed whereas the ternary compound In2NiSn, reported earlier in literature, was found to be part of a large solid solution field based on binary InNi. The ternary solubility of the binary phases was established, and continuous solid solutions were found between the isostructural phases Ni3Sn LT and InNi3 as well as between Ni3Sn2 HT and InNi2. In addition, this isothermal section could be well reproduced by CALPHAD modelling. The resulting calculated isotherm at 700 °C is presented, too, and compared with the experimental results.