ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Sedation has been established for GI endoscopic procedures in most countries, but it is also associated with an added risk of complications. Reported complication rates are variable due to different study methodologies and often limited sample size. DESIGNS: Acute sedation-associated complications were prospectively recorded in an electronic endoscopy documentation in 39 study centres between December 2011 and August 2014 (median inclusion period 24 months). The sedation regimen was decided by each study centre. RESULTS: A total of 368 206 endoscopies was recorded; 11% without sedation. Propofol was the dominant drug used (62% only, 22.5% in combination with midazolam). Of the sedated patients, 38 (0.01%) suffered a major complication, and overall mortality was 0.005% (n=15); minor complications occurred in 0.3%. Multivariate analysis showed the following independent risk factors for all complications: American Society of Anesthesiologists class >2 (OR 2.29) and type and duration of endoscopy. Of the sedation regimens, propofol monosedation had the lowest rate (OR 0.75) compared with midazolam (reference) and combinations (OR 1.0-1.5). Compared with primary care hospitals, tertiary referral centres had higher complication rates (OR 1.61). Notably, compared with sedation by a two-person endoscopy team (endoscopist/assistant; 53.5% of all procedures), adding another person for sedation (nurse, physician) was associated with higher complication rates (ORs 1.40-4.46), probably due to higher complexity of procedures not evident in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This large multicentre registry study confirmed that severe acute sedation-related complications are rare during GI endoscopy with a very low mortality. The data are useful for planning risk factor-adapted sedation management to further prevent sedation-associated complications in selected patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS00007768; Pre-results.
Subject(s)
Conscious Sedation/adverse effects , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Conscious Sedation/mortality , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/mortality , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/statistics & numerical data , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Propofol/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Registries , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Due to the specialisation of esophageal surgery a significant reduction of post-surgical mortality was possible during the last few decades. Nevertheless a high complication rate of about 30% remains even in the hands of experienced surgeons. Anastomotic leakage has an incidence between 5 and 30% leading to serious postoperative morbidity. With a broad range of conservative and endoscopic therapeutic methods there is encouraging progress in shortening the time to closure of the leakage and reducing the risk of severe systemic complications such as sepsis or malnutrition. If conservative therapy fails, re-surgery remains as an ultima-ratio option.
