ABSTRACT
Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) may be affected by maternal physical condition, anesthesia, and uterine incision or en-bloc neonate removal. The association of selected factors with number of dogs with dead puppies at hospital discharge was evaluated using 78 records. Data obtained at admittance for emergency cesarean section included: age, small or large body size, rectal temperature, packed cell volume, serum total protein, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, puppy in pelvic canal, and heart rate. Administration of opioids, propofol, alfaxalone, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, and anesthesia/surgical times and surgical technique were evaluated using Fisher's exact tests. There were 238 live puppies and 38 dogs had 58 dead puppies; the NMR was 19.6%. Mortality was associated with puppy in the pelvic canal (P = 0.003) and duration of anesthesia > 80 minutes (P = 0.029). Age > 8 years (P = 0.054) and induction time to start of surgery > 30 minutes (P = 0.17) may be associated with mortality. Expedient cesarean section with obstructive dystocia and an induction time to start of surgery < 30 minutes are important for puppy survival.
Influence des facteurs maternels, anesthésiques et chirurgicaux sur la survie néonatale après césarienne d'urgence chez 78 chiens : Une étude rétrospective (2002 à 2020). Le taux de mortalité néonatale (TMN) peut être affecté par l'état physique de la mère, l'anesthésie et l'incision utérine ou l'ablation en bloc du nouveau-né. L'association de facteurs sélectionnés avec le nombre de chiens avec des chiots morts à la sortie de l'hôpital a été évaluée à l'aide de 78 dossiers. Les données obtenues à l'admission pour une césarienne d'urgence comprenaient : l'âge, la taille corporelle petite ou grande, la température rectale, l'hématocrite, les protéines sériques totales, l'azotémie, le glucose, la présence de chiot dans le canal pelvien et la fréquence cardiaque. L'administration d'opioïdes, de propofol, d'alfaxalone, d'isoflurane et de sévoflurane, ainsi que les temps d'anesthésie/de chirurgie et la technique chirurgicale ont été évalués à l'aide des tests exacts de Fisher. Il y avait 238 chiots vivants et 38 chiens avaient 58 chiots morts; le TMN était de 19,6 %. La mortalité était associée la présence de chiot dans le canal pelvien (P = 0,003) et à la durée de l'anesthésie > 80 minutes (P = 0,029). Un âge > 8 ans (P = 0,054) et un délai d'induction avant le début de la chirurgie > 30 minutes (P = 0,17) peuvent être associés à la mortalité. Une césarienne opportune lors de dystocie obstructive et un temps d'induction avant le début de la chirurgie < 30 minutes sont importants pour la survie du chiot.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Subject(s)
Anesthetics , Propofol , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Cesarean Section/veterinary , Dogs , Female , Pregnancy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Transmission dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite of importance for wildlife and human health, are enigmatic in the Arctic tundra, where free-ranging wild and domestic felid definitive hosts are absent and rarely observed, respectively. Through a multiyear mark-recapture study (2011-17), serosurveillance was conducted to investigate transmission of T. gondii in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the Karrak Lake region, Nunavut, Canada. Sera from adult foxes and fox pups were tested for antibodies to T. gondii by using serologic methods, including the indirect fluorescent antibody test, direct agglutination test, and modified agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 39% in adults and 17% in pups. Mature foxes were more likely to be exposed (seroconvert) than young foxes (less than 1 yr old), with the highest level of seroprevalence in midaged foxes (2-4 yr old). Pups in two different litters were seropositive on emergence from the den, around 5 wk old, which could have been due to passive transfer of maternal antibody or vertical transmission of T. gondii from mother to offspring. The seropositive pups were born of seropositive mothers that were also seropositive the year before they gave birth, suggesting that vertical transmission might not be limited to litters from mothers exposed to T. gondii for the first time in pregnancy. All recaptured seropositive foxes remained seropositive on subsequent captures, suggesting that antibodies persist or foxes are constantly reexposed or a combination of both. The results of this study provided insights into how foxes were likely exposed to T. gondii, the dynamics of antibody persistence and immune response, and how the parasite was maintained in a terrestrial Arctic ecosystem in the absence of felid definitive hosts.
