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1.
Eur J Clin Invest ; 49(3): e13060, 2019 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30549264

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Waist circumference has been suggested as predictor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents but it has not been compared with newly proposed anthropometric indexes. This study aimed to disclose the capacity of ten classic and novel anthropometric indexes to discriminate by the presence of MetS in this young population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from eighteen schools in south-east Spain. Body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), body adiposity index for paediatrics (BAIp), conicity index (C-Index), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body shape index (ABSI) were measured and calculated. Receiver-operator curves (ROC) were created to determine the discriminatory capacity of these anthropometric parameters for MetS. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was 7.0% for boys and 6.1% in girls. Participants with MetS had significantly higher levels of blood pressure and plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin. All anthropometric indexes were elevated in MetS individuals compared to the non-MetS group. AVI and WC showed the highest AUC values (0.83 for boys and 0.86 for girls). In contrast, according to ROC analyses, no anthropometric index was capable of discriminating the components of MetS (hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycaemia and low-HDL levels), except for abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION: We suggest the use of WC and AVI, with the cut-off points presented herein, for the discrimination between adolescents with or without MetS.


Subject(s)
Abdomen/anatomy & histology , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Waist Circumference , Adiposity/ethnology , Adolescent , Anthropometry , Area Under Curve , Cross-Sectional Studies , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/ethnology , Spain/ethnology
2.
Colomb Med (Cali) ; 49(3): 213-218, 2018 Sep 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30410195

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the environmental factors (nutritional status, levels of physical activity and nutritional habits) and their possible association with bone mass in a population of young adults. METHODS: The study population consisted of 200 subjects (117 women and 83 men) aged between 18 and 25 years (mean age 20.4 years ±2.2 years). Body composition parameters were measured by an electronic balance (TANITA BC-418MA), nutritional habits were estimated by 72-h dietary recall, level of physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and bone mass was measured by ultrasonography at the calcaneus. RESULTS: There were significant differences in bone mass values ​​according to gender (p= 0.013). Despite the fact that 70% of the subjects had a body mass index (BMI) within the normal range, 20% had overweight or obesity. 49% of the individuals had a moderate level of physical activity, although women had lower levels of physical activity than men (17.9% vs 8.4%). Most diets among young adults were hyperprotic, hyperlipidic and low-carbohydrates, with low-calcium and fiber intakes and high-phosphorus. Analysis of bone mass according to BMI showed higher values ​​as the weight category rises, with significant differences in women. Higher values ​​of bone mass were shown as the level of physical activity was higher, showing significant differences in males. CONCLUSION: Our results show that BMI and level of physical activity are significantly associated with bone health in a population of young adults, suggesting the relevance of promoting healthy lifestyles as a strategy for the early prevention of osteoporosis.


OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores ambientales (estado nutricional, nivel de actividad física y hábitos nutricionales) y su posible relación con los niveles de masa ósea en una población de adultos jóvenes. MÉTODOS: La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 200 sujetos (117 mujeres y 83 hombres) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años (edad media 20.4 años ± 2.2 años). La composición corporal se evaluó con balanza electrónica (TANITA BC-418MA), la valoración de los hábitos nutricionales mediante Recordatorio de 72 h, el nivel de actividad física a través del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) y la masa ósea mediante ultrasonografía en el calcáneo. RESULTADOS: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los valores de masa ósea en función del sexo (p= 0.013). A pesar de que el 70% de los sujetos presentaron un índice de masa corporal (IMC) dentro de los límites de la normalidad, un 20% padece sobrepeso y obesidad. El 49% de los individuos tenian un nivel moderado de actividad física, aunque las mujeres presentaron niveles más bajos de actividad física que lo varones (17.9% vs 8.4%). Las dietas mayoritarias entre los adultos jóvenes son hiperprotéicas, hiperlipídicas y bajas en hidratos de carbono, observándose una ingesta baja de calcio y fibra y alta en fósforo. El análisis de la masa ósea en función de IMC mostró valores mayores conforme asciende la categoría ponderal, existiendo diferencias significativas en mujeres. Igualmente, se muestran valores más altos de masa ósea conforme mayor es el nivel de actividad física, evidenciando diferencias significativas en los varones. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados muestran que el índice de masa corporal y el nivel de actividad física se asocian significativamente con la salud ósea en una población de adultos jóvenes, evidenciando la importancia del fomento de estilos de vida saludables como estrategia para la prevención temprana de la osteoporosis.


Subject(s)
Bone Density/physiology , Calcification, Physiologic/physiology , Life Style , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Adult , Body Mass Index , Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging , Exercise/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
3.
J Clin Med ; 7(10)2018 Oct 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30322094

ABSTRACT

Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common early driver of chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether grip strength moderates the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), an indicator of fat deposits in the liver, in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity. A total of 127 adolescents (67% girls) aged between 11 and 17, attending two public schools in Bogotá (Colombia), who had an axiological evaluation of obesity were included in this study. A grip strength test was assessed as an indicator of muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness by maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using the 20 m shuttle-run test. Waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (cm³) were included as anthropometric and body composition measures. CAP was determined with a FibroScan® 502 Touch device (Echosens, Paris, France). The anthropometric and body composition parameters including WC, WHtR, fat mass, and VAT were positively associated with the CAP (range ß = 0.423 to 0.580), slightly reduced after being adjusted for handgrip strength/weight. The Johnson-Neyman technique revealed a significant inverse relationship between WC, WHtR, VAT, and CAP when grip strength normalized by body mass was above but not equal to or below 0.475 (8.1% of the sample), 0.469 (8.9% of the sample), and 0.470 (8.5% of the sample), respectively. In conclusion, grip strength adjusted by body mass, has a moderating effect on the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters (including WC, WHtR, and VAT) and CAP in in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity, suggesting the importance of promoting muscular strength during paediatric population in order to prevent NAFLD.

4.
Colomb. med ; 49(3): 213-218, July-Sept. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974988

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To analyze the environmental factors (nutritional status, levels of physical activity and nutritional habits) and their possible association with bone mass in a population of young adults. Methods: The study population consisted of 200 subjects (117 women and 83 men) aged between 18 and 25 years (mean age 20.4 years ±2.2 years). Body composition parameters were measured by an electronic balance (TANITA BC-418MA), nutritional habits were estimated by 72-h dietary recall, level of physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and bone mass was measured by ultrasonography at the calcaneus. Results: There were significant differences in bone mass values ​​according to gender (p= 0.013). Despite the fact that 70% of the subjects had a body mass index (BMI) within the normal range, 20% had overweight or obesity. 49% of the individuals had a moderate level of physical activity, although women had lower levels of physical activity than men (17.9% vs 8.4%). Most diets among young adults were hyperprotic, hyperlipidic and low-carbohydrates, with low-calcium and fiber intakes and high-phosphorus. Analysis of bone mass according to BMI showed higher values ​​as the weight category rises, with significant differences in women. Higher values ​​of bone mass were shown as the level of physical activity was higher, showing significant differences in males. Conclusion: Our results show that BMI and level of physical activity are significantly associated with bone health in a population of young adults, suggesting the relevance of promoting healthy lifestyles as a strategy for the early prevention of osteoporosis.


Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los factores ambientales (estado nutricional, nivel de actividad física y hábitos nutricionales) y su posible relación con los niveles de masa ósea en una población de adultos jóvenes. Métodos: La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 200 sujetos (117 mujeres y 83 hombres) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años (edad media 20.4 años ± 2.2 años). La composición corporal se evaluó con balanza electrónica (TANITA BC-418MA), la valoración de los hábitos nutricionales mediante Recordatorio de 72 h, el nivel de actividad física a través del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) y la masa ósea mediante ultrasonografía en el calcáneo. Resultados: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los valores de masa ósea en función del sexo (p= 0.013). A pesar de que el 70% de los sujetos presentaron un índice de masa corporal (IMC) dentro de los límites de la normalidad, un 20% padece sobrepeso y obesidad. El 49% de los individuos tenian un nivel moderado de actividad física, aunque las mujeres presentaron niveles más bajos de actividad física que lo varones (17.9% vs 8.4%). Las dietas mayoritarias entre los adultos jóvenes son hiperprotéicas, hiperlipídicas y bajas en hidratos de carbono, observándose una ingesta baja de calcio y fibra y alta en fósforo. El análisis de la masa ósea en función de IMC mostró valores mayores conforme asciende la categoría ponderal, existiendo diferencias significativas en mujeres. Igualmente, se muestran valores más altos de masa ósea conforme mayor es el nivel de actividad física, evidenciando diferencias significativas en los varones. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados muestran que el índice de masa corporal y el nivel de actividad física se asocian significativamente con la salud ósea en una población de adultos jóvenes, evidenciando la importancia del fomento de estilos de vida saludables como estrategia para la prevención temprana de la osteoporosis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Calcification, Physiologic/physiology , Bone Density/physiology , Nutritional Status , Life Style , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Spain , Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging , Exercise/physiology , Body Mass Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
Nutrients ; 10(8)2018 Aug 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30110944

ABSTRACT

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been considered a reference method for measuring body fat percentage (BF%) in children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. However, given that the DXA technique is impractical for routine field use, there is a need to investigate other methods that can accurately determine BF%. We studied the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology, including foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot impedance, and Slaughter skinfold-thickness equations in the measurement of BF%, compared with DXA, in a population of Latin American children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. A total of 127 children and adolescents (11⁻17 years of age; 70% girls) from the HEPAFIT (Exercise Training and Hepatic Metabolism in Overweight/Obese Adolescent) study were included in the present work. BF% was measured on the same day using two BIA analysers (Seca® 206, Allers Hamburg, Germany and Model Tanita® BC-418®, TANITA Corporation, Sportlife Tokyo, Japan), skinfold measurements (Slaughter equation), and DXA (Hologic Horizon DXA System®, Quirugil, Bogotá, Columbia). Agreement between measurements was analysed using t-tests, Bland⁻Altman plots, and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc). There was a significant correlation between DXA and the other BF% measurement methods (r > 0.430). According to paired t-tests, in both sexes, BF% assessed by BIA analysers or Slaughter equations differ from BF% assessed by DXA (p < 0.001). The lower and upper limits of the differences compared with DXA were 6.3⁻22.9, 2.2⁻2.8, and -3.2⁻21.3 (95% CI) in boys and 2.3⁻14.8, 2.4⁻20.1, and 3.9⁻18.3 (95% CI) in girls for Seca® mBCA, Tanita® BC 420MA, and Slaughter equations, respectively. Concordance was poor between DXA and the other methods of measuring BF% (ρc < 0.5). BIA analysers and Slaughter equations underestimated BF% measurements compared to DXA, so they are not interchangeable methods for assessing BF% in Latin American children and adolescents with excess of adiposity.


Subject(s)
Absorptiometry, Photon , Adiposity/physiology , Electric Impedance , Skinfold Thickness , Adolescent , Child , Colombia , Female , Humans , Male , Nutritional Status
6.
Int J Med Sci ; 15(10): 999-1004, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30013441

ABSTRACT

Background: Due to the increased prevalence of osteoporosis and direct health care cost of osteoporosis-related fractures, there is a growing interest in identifying genetic markers associated with osteoporosis phenotypes in order to develop genetic screening strategies. We aimed to analyze the possible associations between calcaneal Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), a valuable screening tool for assessing bone status in clinical practice, and ZBTB40 (rs7524102, rs6426749), SP7 (rs2016266) and AKAP11 (rs9533090) genes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 550 healthy individuals of Caucasian ancestry (381 females and 169 males, median age 20.46±2,69). Bone mass was assessed through QUS to determine broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZBTB40 (rs7524102, rs6426749), SP7 (rs2016266) and AKAP11 (rs9533090) were selected as genetic markers and genotyped using TaqMan OpenArray® technology. Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that rs7524102 and rs6426749 in ZBTB40, and rs9533090 in AKAP11 were significantly associated with the calcaneal QUS parameter after adjustments for age, sex, weight, height, physical activity, and calcium intake (p=0.038, p=0.012 and p=0.008, respectively). After applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p=0.012), only the association of rs9533090 in AKAP11 remained significant. Conclusion:AKAP11 gene (rs9533090) influences QUS trait in a population of Caucasian young adults. The rs9533090 SNP may be considered a factor affecting peak bone mass acquisition.


Subject(s)
A Kinase Anchor Proteins/genetics , Bone Density/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Adolescent , Adult , Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Osteoporosis , Ultrasonography , Young Adult
7.
Ann Hum Genet ; 82(3): 143-149, 2018 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29230809

ABSTRACT

Ultrasound bone mass measurement has been postulated as a valuable bone-health assessment tool for primary care. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible relationship between the SPTBN1, RSPO3, CCDC170, DKK1, GPATCH1, and TMEM135 genes, with calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in a population of young adults. These genes were first associated with broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the GEFOS/GENOMOS study. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 575 individuals (mean age 20.41 ± 2.69). Bone mass at the right calcaneus was estimated by QUS. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SPTBN1 (rs11898505), RSPO3 (rs7741021), CCDC170 (rs4869739), DKK1 (rs7902708), TMEM135 (rs597319), and GPATCH1 (rs10416265) were selected as genetic markers based on their previous association with calcaneal QUS. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the only significant association with QUS in our population was found for the rs7741021 SNP in the RSPO3 gene (P = 0.006) using the dominant model of inheritance. This suggests the possible implication of the RSPO3 gene in bone mass acquisition during early adulthood.


Subject(s)
Bone Density/genetics , Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Thrombospondins/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Genetic Markers , Genotype , Humans , Male , Ultrasonography , Young Adult
8.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; 25(7): 1009-17, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27197276

ABSTRACT

Several sources of evidence indicate that exercise during and after breast cancer could positively modulate the tumor microenvironment. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of exercise training on mediators of inflammation in breast cancer survivors. We searched for randomized controlled trials published from January 1990 to March 2014. An inverse variance method of meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model in the presence of statistical heterogeneity. Eight high-quality trials (n = 478) were included. Exercise improved the serum concentrations of IL6 [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.55 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.02 to -0.09], TNFα (WMD = -0.64 pg/mL; 95% CI, -1.21 to -0.06), IL8 (MD = -0.49 pg/mL; 95% CI, -0.89 to -0.09), and IL2 (WMD = 1.03 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.67). No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (WMD = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.56 to 0.25) or IL10 (WMD = 0.41; 95% CI, -0.18 to 1.02). Exercise training positively modulates chronic low-grade inflammation in women with breast cancer, which may impact upon carcinogenic mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment. These findings align with the other positive effects of exercise for breast cancer survivors, reinforcing the appropriateness of exercise prescription in this population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(7); 1009-17. ©2016 AACR.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/blood , Cancer Survivors , Exercise Therapy/methods , Exercise/physiology , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Interleukin-10/blood , Interleukin-6/blood , Middle Aged , Physical Conditioning, Human/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Regression Analysis
9.
Calcif Tissue Int ; 98(3): 226-34, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26590811

ABSTRACT

The acquisition of a high adult peak bone mass (PBM) is considered an important determinant of osteoporotic risk later in life. Genetic and environmental factors determine optimal PBM acquisition in early adulthood. The aim of this study was to test the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and dietary calcium intake with the bone mass of young adults. The study population comprised a total of 305 individuals (mean age 20.41; SD 2.36) whose bone mass was assessed through heel ultrasound [quantitative ultrasound measurements (QUS)] measurements (BUA, dB/MHz). The FokI G/A, rs9729 G/T, and TaqI G/A polymorphisms were selected as genetic markers of VDR. A significant difference in BUA values was observed according to gender (females 82.96; SD 15.89 vs. males 97.72; SD 16.50; p < 0.00001). The mean dietary calcium intake of the study group (827.84 mg/day; SD 347.04) was lower than the dietary reference intake for young adults (1000 mg/day) and had no association with BUA. None of the three VDR polymorphisms tested showed an association with BUA. Similarly, the analysis of VDR 3' haplotypes, estimated using rs9729 and Taq1 as tag SNPs, did not reveal any significant association with QUS traits. Our results confirm the existence of different heel QUS for women and men, as well as a tendency towards low calcium consumption by young adults, and they also suggest that the VDR gene does not play a major role in the genetic determination of QUS parameter in early adulthood.


Subject(s)
Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging , Calcium/metabolism , Heel/diagnostic imaging , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , 3' Untranslated Regions , Adolescent , Anthropometry , Bone Density , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Genetic Markers , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Haplotypes , Humans , Male , Osteoporosis/physiopathology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Sex Factors , Ultrasonography , Young Adult
10.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 25(1): 91-96, 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147061

ABSTRACT

Las actitudes negativas frente a personas obesas constituyen, en sí mismas, un factor de riesgo para propiciar su participación y adherencia en programas que impliquen cambios en su estilo de vida. En este trabajo se estudiaron las actitudes frente a la obesidad en estudiantes de Cultura Física de Ecuador, comparados en función del género y semestres. Se trabajó con 80 estudiantes de Cultura Física, entre 18 y 33 años. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios el (AFA) que mide las actitudes explícitas frente a la obesidad en tres dimensiones (aversión, miedo a engordar y falta de voluntad) y el Antifat Implicit Association Test (IAT) que mide actitudes implícitas. Se constató la existencia de actitudes negativas explícitas e implícitas hacia la obesidad en toda la muestra de estudio. La población femenina presenta mayor miedo a engordar que la población masculina. Los estudiantes presentan estas actitudes negativas explícitas e implícitas indistintamente del semestre que cursan


Negative attitudes towards obese people constitute a risk factor for their participation in, and adherence to, programmes involving lifestyle changes. This work studied the attitudes of Physical Education students in Ecuador towards obesity. Their attitudes were compared by gender and semesters. The sample in this study consisted of 80 Physical Education students between 18 and 33 years old. Two questionnaires were given - the Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire, which measures explicit attitudes toward obesity in three subscales: dislike, fear of gaining weight and lack of willpower; and the Anti-fat Implicit Association Test: to measure implicit attitudes. The main results show evidence of negative explicit and implicit attitudes toward obesity across the study sample. Moreover, the results indicate that the female population has a greater fear of gaining weight than the male population. The year of studies was not found to be a distinctive factor for either implicit or explicit negative attitudes


s atitudes negativas face a pessoas obesas constituem, em si mesmas, um factor de risco para propiciar a sua participaçãoe adesão a programas que impliquem mudanças no estilo de vida. Neste trabalho foram estudadas as atitudes face à obesidade emestudantes de Cultura Física do Equador, comparados em função do género e dos semestres frequentados. Participaram no estudo 80estudantes de Cultura Física, com idades compreendidas os 18 e 33 anos. Foram aplicados dois questionários (AFA) que mede as atitudesexplícitas face à obesidade em três dimensões (aversão, medo de engordar e falta de vontade) e o Antifat Implicit Association Test(IAT)que mede atitudes implícitas. Verificou-se a existência de atitudes negativas explícitas e implícitas face à obesidade em toda a amostrado estudo. A população feminina apresenta maior medo de engordar que a população masculina. Os estudantes apresentam estas atitudesnegativas explícitas e implícitas indistintamente do semestre que frequentam


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physical Education and Training/trends , Obesity/complications , Obesity/physiopathology , Students/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Surveys and Questionnaires , Body Mass Index
11.
PLoS One ; 10(4): e0123565, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25898204

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To experimentally examine if adolescents with excess weight are more sensitive to social stress and hence more sensitive to harmful effects of stress in cognition. DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an experimental study in 84 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old classified in two groups based on age adjusted Body Mass Index percentile: Normal weight (n=42) and Excess weight (n=42). Both groups were exposed to social stress as induced by the virtual reality version of the Trier Social Stress Task--participants were requested to give a public speech about positive and negative aspects of their personalities in front of a virtual audience. The outcome measures were salivary cortisol levels and performance in cognitive tests before and after the social stressor. Cognitive tests included the CANTAB Rapid Visual Processing Test (measuring attention response latency and discriminability) and the Iowa Gambling Task (measuring decision-making). RESULTS: Adolescents with excess weight compared to healthy weight controls displayed increased cortisol response and less improvement of attentional performance after the social stressor. Decision-making performance decreased after the social stressor in both groups. CONCLUSION: Adolescents who are overweight or obese have increased sensitivity to social stress, which detrimentally impacts attentional skills.


Subject(s)
Attention , Hydrocortisone/blood , Overweight/blood , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Decision Making , Female , Humans , Male , Overweight/psychology , Peer Influence , Stress, Psychological
12.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(1): 102-114, ene. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-132587

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad representan un serio problema de salud pública, de orden creciente en la población infantil. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas realizadas en América Latina para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños escolares de 6 a 17 años. Metodología: Las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS y EMBASE fueron consultadas entre febrero y mayo de 2014 para identificar estudios controlados aleatorizados y estudios longitudinales que evaluaran los efectos de intervenciones educativas dirigidas a la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños latinoamericanos. El riesgo de sesgo y la calidad metodológica se evaluó con la escala de PEDro y el instrumento CASPe. Resultados: Veintiún estudios fueron incluidos (n=12,092). Se identificaron diferentes tipos de intervenciones, tales como estrategias nutricionales, promoción de la práctica de actividad física y cambios en el entorno. Las intervenciones mixtas, que combinaron cambios nutricionales con la promoción de actividad física, fueron las más efectivas, pues sus resultados evidenciaron cambios positivos en las variables asociadas al sobrepeso y obesidad infantil. No se observaron evidencias de sesgo de publicación. Conclusión: Las intervenciones realizadas en el ámbito escolar que combinan la nutrición adecuada y la promoción de la práctica de actividad física son efectivas en la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en escolares latinoamericanos, aunque se deben incorporar intervenciones en el ambiente familiar para permitir un abordaje integral, asociado con mayores respuestas sobre el cambio comportamental de los escolares (AU)


Introduction: Overweight and obesity are serious public health problem, which is specially among children populations. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of educational interventions conducted in Latino America for the prevention of overweight and obesity in scholar children from 6 to 17 years old. Metodology: MEDLINE, LILACS and EMBASE were searched between february and may 2014 to retrieve randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies that evaluated the effects of educational interventions intended to retrieve randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies aiming to prevent overweight and obesity among Latinoamerican children. Risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the CASPe tool. Results: Twenty one studies were included (n=12,092). Different types of educational interventions were identified, such as nutritional campaigns, physical activity practice and environmental changes. Mixed approaches combining nutritional campaigns, physical activity promotion and enviromental changes were the most effective interventions, since their results produced the largest improvements in the overweight and obesity of children. None evidence of reporting bias was observed. Conclusion: Educational interventions performed in the educational environment that combined an adequate nutrition and the promotion of physical activity practice, are more effective for preventing overweight and obesity in Latino American children, although familiar interventions are also encouraged approach, associated with better responses on the behavioral change in scholar children (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Child , Obesity/prevention & control , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Health Education/organization & administration , Exercise/psychology , Overweight/prevention & control , Public Health Administration , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Latin America/ethnology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
13.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(1): 102-14, 2014 Oct 03.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25561103

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity are serious public health problem, which is specially among children populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of educational interventions conducted in Latino America for the prevention of overweight and obesity in scholar children from 6 to 17 years old. Metodology: MEDLINE, LILACS and EMBASE were searched between february and may 2014 to retrieve randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies that evaluated the effects of educational interventions intended to retrieve randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies aiming to prevent overweight and obesity among Latinoamerican children. Risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the CASPe tool. RESULTS: Twenty one studies were included (n=12,092). Different types of educational interventions were identified, such as nutritional campaigns, physical activity practice and environmental changes. Mixed approaches combining nutritional campaigns, physical activity promotion and enviromental changes were the most effective interventions, since their results produced the largest improvements in the overweight and obesity of children. None evidence of reporting bias was observed. CONCLUSION: Educational interventions performed in the educational environment that combined an adequate nutrition and the promotion of physical activity practice, are more effective for preventing overweight and obesity in Latino American children, although familiar interventions are also encouraged approach, associated with better responses on the behavioral change in scholar children.


Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad representan un serio problema de salud pública, de orden creciente en la población infantil. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas realizadas en América Latina para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños escolares de 6 a 17 años. Metodología: Las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS y EMBASE fueron consultadas entre febrero y mayo de 2014 para identificar estudios controlados aleatorizados y estudios longitudinales que evaluaran los efectos de intervenciones educativas dirigidas a la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños latinoamericanos. El riesgo de sesgo y la calidad metodológica se evaluó con la escala de PEDro y el instrumento CASPe. Resultados: Veintiún estudios fueron incluidos (n=12,092). Se identificaron diferentes tipos de intervenciones, tales como estrategias nutricionales, promoción de la práctica de actividad física y cambios en el entorno. Las intervenciones mixtas, que combinaron cambios nutricionales con la promoción de actividad física, fueron las más efectivas, pues sus resultados evidenciaron cambios positivos en las variables asociadas al sobrepeso y obesidad infantil. No se observaron evidencias de sesgo de publicación. Conclusión: Las intervenciones realizadas en el ámbito escolar que combinan la nutrición adecuada y la promoción de la práctica de actividad física son efectivas en la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en escolares latinoamericanos, aunque se deben incorporar intervenciones en el ambiente familiar para permitir un abordaje integral, asociado con mayores respuestas sobre el cambio comportamental de los escolares.


Subject(s)
Health Education/organization & administration , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Obesity/prevention & control , Overweight/prevention & control , Adolescent , Child , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Female , Humans , Latin America , Male , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
14.
Metas enferm ; 16(10): 6-12, dic. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-117928

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la influencia de los Programas de Prevención y Rehabilitación Cardiaca (PPRC) sobre la ansiedad y la depresión en los pacientes que participan en los mismos. Material y método: estudio de intervención antes-después, en la Unidad de Prevención y Rehabilitación Cardiaca del Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada (España), mediante el cuestionario de ansiedad y depresión de Goldberg. El PPRC determina12 sesiones de entrenamiento para el riesgo bajo y 24sesiones para moderado y alto. Se realizaron pruebas de contraste de hipótesis a través de la t de Student y ANOVA. Resultados: la muestra fue de 41 pacientes, 80,5% varones y19,5% mujeres, con una edad media de 56,46 años. El riesgo cardiológico fue de un 31,7% para el riesgo bajo, 43,9% para moderado, y el 24,4% presentó riesgo alto. La prevalencia de depresión y ansiedad previa al programa fue muy alta, del 85,4% y73,2% respectivamente. El nivel de estudios, el sexo y el riesgo cardiológico no se asoció significativamente con las puntuaciones de ansiedad, depresión y Golberg total ni en el momento pre-intervención ni en el post. Se produjo una disminución significativa (p= 0,000) en dichas puntuaciones tras el PPRC. Conclusiones: tras el programa de intervención se evidenció una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la puntuación total del cuestionario de Goldberg y en las subescalas de ansiedad y depresión, presentando una importante reducción para la prevalencia de ansiedad (51%) y para la depresión (31,7%) (AU)


Objective: to determine the impact of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Programs (CPRPs) on anxiety and depression inparticipant patients. Material and methods: before-and-after intervention study, in the Unit of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation of the Hospital Universitario San Cecilio in Granada (Spain), through the Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Questionnaire. The CPRP determines12 training sessions for low risk and 24 sessions for moderate and high risk. Contrast hypothesis tests were conducted through Student’s t-test and ANOVA. Results: the sample included 41 patients, 80.5% male and19.5 female, with an average 56.46 years of age. The cardiologic risk was 31.7% for low risk, 43.9% for moderate risk, and24.4% presented high risk. The prevalence of depression and anxiety before the program was very high, 85.4% and 73.2%respectively. The level of education of patients, their gender, and cardiologic risk were not significantly associated with the anxiety, depression, and total Goldberg scores, neither before the intervention nor post-intervention. There was a significant reduction (p= 0.000) in said scores after the CPRP. Conclusions: after the intervention program, there was evidence of a statistically significant reduction in the total score of the Goldberg Questionnaire, and in the anxiety and depression sub-scales. There was an important reduction in the prevalence of anxiety (51%) and depression (31.7%) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Depression/epidemiology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/rehabilitation , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Cardiovascular Diseases/psychology , Risk Factors
15.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(3): 779-86, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23848103

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The main research objective was to analyze the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients in a population of adolescents. The purpose of the study was to verify a significant correlation between the habit of breafasting at home each morning and the nutritional status of the sample population. SAMPLE AND METHODOLOGY: The sample population was composed of 100 adolescents, 12-15 years of age, who attended two public secondary schools in the city of Granada. The study conducted was descriptive, cross-sectional, and multi-centered, and involved a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional status of the subjects by using anthropometry. The analysis of food intake and dietary habits was based on a 72-hour record of the subjects' food intake. The protocol used had previously been elaborated and validated by the research team. RESULTS: For all subjects, the energy intake was found to be higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The female subjects had a mean protein intake of 16% in regards to total calorific value (TCV). In the case of the male subjects, the mean protein intake was 15%. The mean consumption of fats was 106.1 for the male subjects, whereas for the females, it was 110.4 grams. The females were found to ingest more carbohydrates at a rate of 297.4 grams per day in comparison to the male subjects, whose rate of carbohydrate ingestion was 251 grams per day. The ingestion of minerals varied in both sexes though in all cases it was lower than the RDA. However, the male subjects had a calcium and zinc intake higher than the RDA for these minerals. The vitamin intake was varied and balanced in both male and female subjects, and covered the requirements for both age and sex. Regarding the variable, breakfast, a significant relation was found (p < 0.0001) between the dietary habit of breakfasting at home before going to school and the nutritional status of the students. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that an optimal nutritional and health status requires a balanced food intake and healthy dietary habits.


Objetivos: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron realizar un análisis de la ingesta de macronutrientes y micronutrientes en una población de adolescentes. En segundo lugar, verificar una correlación significativa entre el hábito de desayunar a diario en casa y el estado nutricional de dicha población. Muestra y metodología: La población de estudio estaba compuesta por 100 adolescentes de entre 12 y 15 años de edad, pertenecientes a 2 centros educativos públicos de la ciudad de Granada. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico en el que se llevó a cabo una valoración completa del estado nutricional de los alumnos mediante antropometría. Para el análisis de la ingesta alimentaria y hábitos nutricionales se utilizó un registro alimentario de 72 horas, específicamente elaborado y validado por el equipo investigador. Resultados: La ingesta energética fue superior en ambos sexos a la recomendada por la RDA. Se encontró una ingesta proteica media en chicas del 16% respecto del valor calórico total (VCT) y de un 15% del VCT en varones. Se evidenció un consumo medio de grasas de (106,1 gramos) en chicos, frente a los 100,4 gramos en chicas. Éstas ingerían más carbohidratos, destacando una ingesta media de 279,4 gramos/día frente a los 251 gramos/día ingeridos en varones. La ingesta de minerales fue variable en ambos sexos, siendo inferior a las recomendaciones de la RDA en chicas. En los varones resaltó una ingesta de calcio y zinc por encima de dichas recomendaciones. El aporte vitamínico fue variado y equilibrado en ambos sexos, cubriendo los requerimientos para edad y sexo. Respecto de la variable desayuno, se encontró una relación significativa (p < 0,0001) entre el hábito de desayunar en casa, antes de ir al instituto y el estado nutricional de los alumnos. Conclusiones: Un óptimo estado nutricional y de salud implica necesariamente mantener una alimentación equilibrada en sus nutrientes y unos hábitos nutricionales saludables.


Subject(s)
Eating , Feeding Behavior , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Nutritional Status , Spain , Urban Health
16.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(3): 779-786, mayo-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-120053

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron realizar un análisis de la ingesta de macronutrientes y micronutrientes en una población de adolescentes. En segundo lugar, verificar una correlación significativa entre el hábito de desayunar a diario en casa y el estado nutricional de dicha población. Muestra y metodología: La población de estudio estaba compuesta por 100 adolescentes de entre 12 y 15 años de edad, pertenecientes a 2 centros educativos públicos de la ciudad de Granada. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico en el que se llevó a cabo una valoración completa del estado nutricional de los alumnos mediante antropometría. Para el análisis de la ingesta alimentaria y hábitos nutricionales se utilizó un registro alimentario de 72 horas, específicamente elaborado y validado por el equipo investigador. Resultados: La ingesta energética fue superior en ambos sexos a la recomendada por la RDA. Se encontró una ingesta proteica media en chicas del 16% respecto del valor calórico total (VCT) y de un 15% del VCT en varones. Se evidenció un consumo medio de grasas de (106,1 gramos) en chicos, frente a los 100,4 gramos en chicas. Éstas ingerían más carbohidratos, destacando una ingesta media de 279,4 gramos/día frente a los 251 gramos/día ingeridos en varones. La ingesta de minerales fue variable en ambos sexos, siendo inferior a las recomendaciones de la RDA en chicas. En los varones resaltó una ingesta de calcio y zinc por encima de dichas recomendaciones. El aporte vitamínico fue variado y equilibrado en ambos sexos, cubriendo los requerimientos para edad y sexo. Respecto de la variable desayuno, se encontró una relación significativa (p < 0,0001) entre el hábito de desayunar en casa, antes de ir al instituto y el estado nutricional de los alumnos. Conclusiones: Un óptimo estado nutricional y de salud implica necesariamente mantener una alimentación equilibrada en sus nutrientes y unos hábitos nutricionales saludables. (AU)


Objectives: The main research objective was to analyze the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients in a population of adolescents. The purpose of the study was to verify a significant correlation between the habit of breafasting at home each morning and the nutritional status of the sample population. Sample and methodology: The sample population was composed of 100 adolescents, 12-15 years of age, who attended two public secondary schools in the city of Granada. The study conducted was descriptive, cross-sectional, and multi-centered, and involved a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional status of the subjects by using anthropometry. The analysis of food intake and dietary habits was based on a 72-hour record of the subjects' food intake. The protocol used had previously been elaborated and validated by the research team. Results: For all subjects, the energy intake was found to be higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The female subjects had a mean protein intake of 16% in regards to total calorific value (TCV). In the case of the male subjects, the mean protein intake was 15%. The mean consumption of fats was 106.1 for the male subjects, whereas for the females, it was 110.4 grams. The females were found to ingest more carbohydrates at a rate of 297.4 grams per day in comparison to the male subjects, whose rate of carbohydrate ingestion was 251 grams per day. The ingestion of minerals varied in both sexes though in all cases it was lower than the RDA. However, the male subjects had a calcium and zinc intake higher than the RDA for these minerals. The vitamin intake was varied and balanced in both male and female subjects, and covered the requirements for both age and sex. Regarding the variable, breakfast, a significant relation was found (p < 0.0001) between the dietary habit of breakfasting at home before going to school and the nutritional status of the students. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that an optimal nutritional and health status requires a balanced food intake and healthy dietary habits (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Feeding Behavior , Eating , 24457 , Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Whole Foods , Nutritional Status
17.
Metas enferm ; 16(4): 19-26, mayo 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113757

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: identificar el perfil sociosanitario de los pacientes atendidos por la enfermera gestora de casos hospitalarios (EGCH), conocer la situación de dependencia, los diagnósticos de Enfermería, los resultados previstos y las intervenciones en estos pacientes. Material y método: estudio descriptivo sobre los enfermos atendidos por las EGCH del Hospital General de Granada. Como instrumento para la recogida de los datos se utilizaron los informes al alta emitidos por las mismas. Variables estudiadas: sociodemográficas y sanitarias de las personas dependientes y sus cuidadores principales (índice de esfuerzo del cuidador (IEC)); situación de dependencia del paciente (índice de Barthel, test de Pfeiffer y escala de Braden); diagnósticos de Enfermería, resultados e intervenciones enfermeras. Resultados: fueron estudiados 218 pacientes. El 59,2% eran hombres. La media de edad fue de 71,12 años. Un 46,8% tenían dependencia severa. La mayoría viven solos (28,9%) o en pareja (23,7%). En un 43,8%de los casos, la figura de cuidador principal recaía en los hijos. La media de días de ingreso fue de 20,06. En un 89,9% el destino al alta fue el domicilio. El principal diagnóstico de Enfermería en los pacientes atendidos fue el “Deterioro de la integridad cutánea”. Conclusiones: el perfil del paciente atendido por la EGCH se corresponde con población anciana, con dependencia total o severa, con ingresos hospitalarios prolongados y con una alta prevalencia del diagnóstico de Enfermería “Deterioro de la integridad cutánea”. La actividad de las EGCH de coordinación con otros profesionales y servicios, así como las funciones de gestión de material, facilita la continuidad de los cuidados en el domicilio, en coordinación con Atención Primaria (AU)


Objectives: to identify the socio-sanitary profile of patients seen by the Hospital Case Management Nurse (HCMN), to learn about their dependency situation, diagnosis by the nursing staff, foreseen results, and interventions in said patients. Materials and methodology: descriptive study of patients seen by HCMNs in the Hospital General de Granada. Discharge reports issued by HCMNs were used as data collection tool. The socio-demographic and sanitary variables of dependent persons and their main caregivers were studied (Caregiver Strain Index (CSI)); as well as the patient’s level of dependency (Barthel Index, Pfeiffer Test and Braden Scale); diagnosis by the nursing staff, results and nurse interventions. Results: the study was conducted on 218 patients; 59.2% of said patients were male. Their average age was 71.12 years. Of these patients,46.8% had severe dependency. Most patients lived alone (28.9%)or with a partner (23.7%). In 43.8% of cases, the main caregiver role was played by their children. The average hospitalization days were 20.06.In 89.9% of cases, patients returned home after discharge. The main diagnosis by nursing staff for those patients seen was “deterioration of the skin integrity”. Conclusions: the profile of patients managed by HCMNs could be defined as an elderly population, with complete or severe dependency, with prolonged hospitalizations and a high prevalence of “deterioration of the skin integrity” as nursing staff diagnosis. The HCMNs’ activity in terms of coordination with other professionals and departments, as well as their management of materials, makes home care continuity easier, in coordination with Primary Care (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Case Management/organization & administration , Nursing Care/organization & administration , Assisted Living Facilities/organization & administration , Nursing Diagnosis/organization & administration , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Epidemiology, Descriptive
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(10): 1263-1267, oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-668698

ABSTRACT

Background: Several studies have analyzed the relation between obesity and the hormonal imbalances generated by overweight and a family history of breast cancer. All of these factors are potentially implicated in the early development of breast cancer. Aim: To verify the existence of a significant relation between the nutritional status of breast cancer patients, their hormone serum levels (estrogens, prolactin, and progesterone), and the existence of a family history of breast cancer. Material and Methods: Retrospective data was collected from clinical records of524 women diagnosed with breast cancer in a Spanish hospital. Results: There was a positive association between estrogen, progesterone and prolactin serum levels and body mass index. The elevations in hormone levels occurred earlier in life among women with a family history of breast cancer. A two way ANOVA found a significant association between progesterone and prolactin levels with the age at diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusions: Extreme serum levels of these hormones appear to be related to the early development of breast cancer, which in turn is influenced by the existence of a family history of cancer among those women with normal or average hormone levels.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Estrogens/blood , Nutritional Status/physiology , Obesity/blood , Progesterone/blood , Prolactin/blood , Age of Onset , Analysis of Variance , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Obesity, Morbid/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
19.
Rev Med Chil ; 140(10): 1263-7, 2012 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23559282

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several studies have analyzed the relation between obesity and the hormonal imbalances generated by overweight and a family history of breast cancer. All of these factors are potentially implicated in the early development of breast cancer. AIM: To verify the existence of a significant relation between the nutritional status of breast cancer patients, their hormone serum levels (estrogens, prolactin, and progesterone), and the existence of a family history of breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective data was collected from clinical records of 524 women diagnosed with breast cancer in a Spanish hospital. RESULTS: There was a positive association between estrogen, progesterone and prolactin serum levels and body mass index. The elevations in hormone levels occurred earlier in life among women with a family history of breast cancer. A two way ANOVA found a significant association between progesterone and prolactin levels with the age at diagnosis of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Extreme serum levels of these hormones appear to be related to the early development of breast cancer, which in turn is influenced by the existence of a family history of cancer among those women with normal or average hormone levels.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Estrogens/blood , Nutritional Status/physiology , Obesity/blood , Progesterone/blood , Prolactin/blood , Age of Onset , Analysis of Variance , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Female , Humans , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Obesity, Morbid/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
20.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 17(4): 213-220, oct.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-129100

ABSTRACT

El estudio de la regulación del metabolismo energético supone un campo ampliamente estudiado desde tiempo atrás. Sin embrago no será hasta el descubrimiento de la leptina cuando se comience a investigar profundamente sobre la homeostasis energética. La leptina fue descubierta en el contexto de sus efectos sobre el control de la alimentación y del gasto energético, tratándose de una proteína de la familia de las citocinas, siendo su receptor, similar al de éstas. Dicha proteína participa en procesos tales como regulación del peso corporal, de la alimentación y del gasto energético, reproducción, función inmune, y probablemente en muchos otros procesos aún por determinar. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido llevar a cabo una revisión profunda sobre la fisiología de la leptina, principales procesos orgánicos en los que interviene y su implicación en el desarrollo de cuadros como la obesidad (AU)


The study of the regulation of energy metabolism is a widely studied area for some time. Clutchless not until the discovery of leptin when they start to investigate deeply on energy homeostasis. Leptin was discovered in the context of their effects on the control of feeding and energy expenditure in the case of a protein family of cytokines, and its receptor, similar to these. This protein is involved in processes such as regulation of body weight, food and energy expenditure, reproduction, immune function, and probably many other processes to be determined. The aim of this study was to conduct a thorough review of the physiology of leptin, leading the organic processes involved and their involvement in the development of cadres such as obesity (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Appetite/physiology , Appetite Depressants/therapeutic use , Appetite Regulation , Appetite Regulation/immunology , Appetite Regulation/physiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diet therapy , Energy Metabolism/immunology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Energy Consumption/methods , Homeostasis/physiology , Leptin/metabolism , Leptin/therapeutic use , Cytokines/therapeutic use , Body Weight/physiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/diet therapy
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