Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Decreases Oxidative Stress in Blood Cells and Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical application is limited by its cardiotoxicity associated with increased oxidative stress. Thus, the combination of DOX and antioxidants has been encouraged. In this study, we evaluated (I) the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts from Guazuma ulmifolia stem bark (GUEsb) and leaves (GUEl) in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride- (AAPH-) or DOX-induced lipid peroxidation inhibition in human blood cells, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification using the fluorescent probe dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) in K562 erythroleukemia cells incubated with GUEsb and stimulated with hydrogen peroxide; (II) the viability of K562 cells and human leukocytes treated with GUEsb in the absence or presence of DOX using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; (III) the acute toxicity of GUEsb; and (IV) the cardioprotective effect of GUEsb in C57Bl/6 mice treated with DOX. The chemical composition indicated the presence of flavan-3-ol derivatives and condensed tannins in GUEsb and glycosylated flavonoids in GUEl. GUEsb and GUEl showed free-radical scavenging antioxidant activity, antihemolytic activity, and AAPH- as well as DOX-induced malondialdehyde content reduction in human erythrocytes. Based on its higher antioxidant potential, GUEsb was selected and subsequently showed intracellular ROS reduction without impairing the chemotherapeutic activity of DOX in K562 cells or inducing leukocyte cell death, but protected them against DOX-induced cell death. Yet, GUEsb did not show in vivo acute toxicity, and it prevented MDA generation in the cardiac tissue of DOX-treated mice, thus demonstrating its cardioprotective effect. Taken together, the results show that GUEsb and GUEl are natural alternatives to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress and that, in particular, GUEsb may play an adjuvant role in DOX chemotherapy.

Antioxidant and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Campomanesia adamantium O. Berg Root.

Campomanesia adamantium O. Berg, popularly known as guavira, has been used in Brazilian traditional medicine for reduction of serum lipid. The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of Campomanesia adamantium root aqueous extract (ExCA). Phenolic compounds were quantified in the ExCA and gallic and ellagic acids were identified by HPLC. ExCA showed efficiency in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, with IC50 similar to butylhydroxytoluene control, and protected the erythrocytes against lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, reducing generated malondialdehyde. Hyperlipidemic Wistar rats treated daily by gavage during eight weeks with ExCA (200 mg/kg of body weight) showed reduced serum level of total cholesterol and triglycerides, similar to normolipidemic rats and hyperlipidemic rats treated with simvastatin (30 mg/kg of body weight) and ciprofibrate (2 mg/kg of body weight). Moreover, the treatment with ExCA also decreased malondialdehyde serum level in the hyperlipidemic rats. The body weight and organ mass were unmodified by ExCA in hyperlipidemic rats, except an increase of liver mass; however, the hepatic enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, were unchanged. Together, these results confirm the potential value of Campomanesia adamantium root for lowering lipid peroxidation and lipid serum level, improving risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases development.

Caracterização de pacientes com artrite reumatoide quanto a fatores de risco para doenças vasculares cardíacas no Mato Grosso do Sul / Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Mato Grosso do Sul

Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) quanto à presença de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Material e métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo com 71 pacientes diagnosticados com AR definida. Foram usados os instrumentos: DAS-28, HAQ e SF-36 e determinados os parâmetros: velocidade de hemossedimentação, glicemia capilar, colesterol total (CT) e suas frações, hormônios tiroidianos, anticorpos antinúcleo (ANA), fator reumatoide (FR) e anticorpos contra proteínas citrulinadas (ACPAs). Os pacientes foram classificados em grupos HAQ ≤ 1 (disfunção leve) e HAQ > 1 (disfunção moderada e grave) e, segundo os escores do HAQ, em grupo tratado com corticosteroides (CE) e sem CE. Resultados: Proporção de nove homens para 62 mulheres com idade e tempo médio de doença de 53,45 (± 10,7) e 9,9 (± 8,6), respectivamente. O FR foi positivo em 52 (76%), os ACPAs em 54 (76,1%) e o ANA em 12 (16,9%). Trinta e seis pacientes (50,7%) apresentaram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, nove (12,68%) diabetes mellitus, 16 (22,5%) hipotireoidismo, 33 (46,5%) dislipidemia e oito (11,27%) tabagismo. O grupo HAQ > 1 (26) apresentou resultados de CT > 240 (53,8%) e o grupo com HAQ ≤ 1 (45) (24,4%) (p = 0,020). Os grupos não diferiram quanto à presença de comorbidades ou tratamento farmacológico. Os níveis de triglicérides > 200 (42,4%) entre os grupos em uso de CE e sem uso (18,42%) foi significativo (p = 0,025). Conclusão: Houve associação do aumento CT e triglicerídeos com resultados de HAQ ≤ 1 e com uso de CE, o que reforça a importância do rastreamento de fatores de risco associados às doenças cardiovasculares na AR.

Abstract Objective: To identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with 71 patients with established RA. The instruments used were: DAS-28, HAQ and SF-36, and the following parameters were determined: the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, capillary blood glucose; total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions, thyroid hormones, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPAs). Patients were classified into groups HAQ ≤ 1 (mild dysfunction) and HAQ > 1 (moderate and severe dysfunction) and, according to the HAQ scores, in groups treated with corticosteroids (CS) and without CS. Results: 9 patients were male and 62 female with mean age and duration of disease of 53.45 (±10.7) and 9.9 (±8.6), respectively. RF was positive in 52 (76%), ACPAs in 54 (76.1%) and ANA in 12 (16.9%). Thirty-six patients (50.7%) had systemic hypertension, 9 (12.68%) diabetes mellitus, 16 (22.5%) hypothyroidism, 33 (46.5%) dyslipidemia and 8 (11.27%) were smokers. The results of TC > 240 were found in 53.8% for group HAQ > 1 (26) and in 24.4% for group HAQ ≤ 1 (45) (p = 0.020). These groups did not differ as to presence of comorbidities or drug treatment. Triglyceride levels >200 for the group with CS (42.4%) versus without CS (18.42%) were significant (p = 0.025). Conclusion: An association of increased TC and triglycerides with results of HAQ ≤ 1 and with CS use was noted, reinforcing the importance of screening risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in RA.

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Mato Grosso do Sul.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study with 71 patients with established RA. The instruments used were: DAS-28, HAQ and SF-36, and the following parameters were determined: the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, capillary blood glucose; total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions, thyroid hormones, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPAs). Patients were classified into groups HAQ ≤ 1 (mild dysfunction) and HAQ > 1 (moderate and severe dysfunction) and, according to the HAQ scores, in groups treated with corticosteroids (CS) and without CS. RESULTS: 9 patients were male and 62 female with mean age and duration of disease of 53.45 (± 10.7) and 9.9 (± 8.6), respectively. RF was positive in 52 (76%), ACPAs in 54 (76.1%) and ANA in 12 (16.9%). Thirty-six patients (50.7%) had systemic hypertension, 9 (12.68%) diabetes mellitus, 16 (22.5%) hypothyroidism, 33 (46.5%) dyslipidemia and 8 (11.27%) were smokers. The results of TC >240 were found in 53.8% for group HAQ >1 (26) and in 24.4% for group HAQ ≤ 1 (45) (p=0.020). These groups did not differ as to presence of comorbidities or drug treatment. Triglyceride levels >200 for the group with CS (42.4%) versus without CS (18.42%) were significant (p=0.025). CONCLUSION: An association of increased TC and triglycerides with results of HAQ ≤ 1 and with CS use was noted, reinforcing the importance of screening risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in RA.

Ação quimioprotetora do chá verde em ratos tratados com Dietilnitrosamina / Green tea chemoprotection in rats treated with Diethylnitrosamine

O chá verde (Camellia sinensis) e seus principais componentes, as catequinas, apresentam várias atividades biológicas, dentre elas a ação antioxidante e quimioprotetora contra agentes hepatotóxicos, como a dietilnitrosamina (DEN), um conhecido agente citotóxico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar e compreender os mecanismos da ação do extrato do chá verde (ECV), como agente antioxidante e quimioprotetor. Foram realizados testes in vivo com ratos Wistar machos utilizando o ECV a 2% (2mg/100mL) via oral, como única fonte de água, durante 35 dias. Para verificar a capacidade antioxidante e quimioprotetora do ECV utilizou-se a DEN (200mg/kg) como agente lesivo. Os resultados indicam que o chá verde, nas doses próximas as que são ingeridas pela população, não é capaz de inibir significativamente a lesão causada pela alta dose da DEN, mas os resultados indicaram uma tendência à quimioproteção, sugerindo que o chá verde pode agir como substância preventiva mesmo em baixas doses, frente a um agente hepatotóxico classicamente conhecido.

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its main components, the catechins present several biological activities such as: antioxidant and chemoprotective action against hepatotoxic agent as diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a known cytotoxic substance. This work has the objective to evaluate and understand the green tea extract (GTE) mechanisms of action as a chemoprotector agent. Therefore, tests in vivo with Wistarrats using GTE 2% (2mg/100mL) was taken orally as the only source of water for 35 days. To verify the antioxidant and chemoprotective capacity of GTE, DEN (200mg/kg) was used as a lesion agent. The results indicate that green tea if the dosage close to the ones taken by the population is not able to expressively inhibit the lesion caused for the high dose of DEN, but the results indicated a tendency to chemoprotection, suggesting to green tea may act as a prevention substance even in low dosage in presence of a classically known hepatotoxic agent.

Atividade hepatoprotetora do extrato alcoólico da Camellia sinensis (L. ) Kuntze (chá-verde) em ratos Wistar tratados com dietilnitrosamina / Hepatic protection effect of the alcoholic extract from Camellia sinensis (L. ) Kuntze (green tea) in Wistar rats treated with diethylnitrosamine

O chá-verde (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) é utilizado por suas propriedades: antioxidante, quimioprotetora e antiinflamatória em varias situações patológicas, principalmente frente a compostos químicos cancerígenos. Para tanto se avaliou o efeito hepatoprotetor do extrato de chá verde (ECV) sobre a lipoperoxidação e necrose provocada pelo agente cancerígeno Dietilnitrosamina (DEN) no fígado de ratos machos Wistar. Os ratos foram expostos a dose única de 200 mg/kg de DEN via intra peritoneal e tratados por via oral de 120 mg/kg de ECV em diferentes momentos experimentais. Após 24 h em relação a exposição ao DEN, os animais foram sacrificados sendo avaliado: os níveis de AST/ALT no plasma, a lipoperoxidação por quantificação de TBARS e FOX no fígado e a ocorrência de necrose e hemorragia hepática através do estudo histopatológico. A ação quimioprotetora e a diminuição da lipoperoxidação foram verificadas pela diminuição das transaminases, TBARS, FOX e redução da necrose hepática. A avaliação confirmou a importância de se utiliza o chá verde como agente quimioprotetor, principalmente na forma preventiva.

Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is used for its properties: antioxidant, chemoprotector and anti-inflammatory in several pathological situations, mainly those facing carcinogen chemical substances. This work has evaluated the hepatic protection effect of the green tea extract (GTE) on lipoperoxidation and necrosis, induced by the carcinogenic DEN in rats´ liver. Adult male Wistar rats were used and exposed to one only intra peritoneal dose of 200 mg/kg of DEN, and orally 120 mg/kg of ECV in different experimental moments. After 24 h of a DEN treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the following aspects were evaluated: the AST/ALT levels in plasma, lipoperoxidation of TBARS and FOX in the liver. Necrosis and Hepatic hemorrhage were observed through a histological examination. The chemoprotector action and the decrease in lipoperoxidation were detected after a decrease of AST/ALT, TBARS, FOX and hepatic necrosis. The evaluation of these results confirmed the importance of the use of the green tea as a chemoprotector agent, particularly as a preventive method.

Estresse oxidativo em eritrócitos submetidos a 2, 2-azobis amidinopropano (aaph): efeito antioxidante e anti-hemolítico do chá verde (camellia sinensis) / Oxidative stress in erythrocytes submitted to 2, 2-azobis amidinopropane (aaph): antioxidant effect and anti-hemolytic effects of green tea (camellia sinensis)

O chá verde (Camellia sinensis) é uma bebida, bastante consumida pelos orientais, cuja composição apresenta as catequinas, polifenóis que possuem atividade antioxidante, quimioprotetora, antiinflamatória e anti-carcinogênica. Vários estudos têm demonstrado que o chá verde pode prevenir várias doenças associadas ao estresse oxidativo, tais como o câncer, doenças cardiovasculares e neurodegenerativas. Estes efeitos benéficos dependerão da quantidade de chá consumida e da biodisponibilidade das catequinas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação do extrato do chá verde (ECV) na inibição da hemólise oxidativa induzida pelo 2,2 azobis amidinopropano (AAPH). Este composto é um gerador de radicais livres que, a 37°C e ao abrigo da luz, gera radicais do tipo peroxil a uma taxa constante. Hemácias humanas de doadores saudáveis foram submetidas à AAPH e ao extrato de chá verde em diferentes concentrações. Os resultados indicam que o chá verde, na concentração de 0,54 mg/Ml, é um ótimo antioxidante e anti-hemolítico, inibindo em 81,6% a hemólise oxidativa de hemácias tratadas com AAPH. A ação antioxidante durou até 5 horas após a exposição das hemácias aos radicais livres gerados pelo AAPH, sendo que o chá verde, por si só, não levou a nenhuma lesão as hemácias. Nossos dados demonstram, pela primeira vez, que o chá verde pode inibir a hemólise oxidativa de eritrócitos humanos. Ensaios clínicos são necessários para investigar os possíveis benefícios do uso do chá verde como adjuvante terapêutico em doenças hemolíticas que envolvam a ação de radicais livres

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most often consumed drinks by the Oriental and its components such as Cathechin, Polyphenols have antioxidant, chemoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Several studies have demonstrated that green tea is capable of preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. These beneficial effects will depend on the quantity of green tea consumed and the bioavailability of the cathechins. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the green tea extract (GTE) on the inhibition of oxidant hemolysis induced by 2.2 azobis amidinopropane (AAPH). This component generates free radicals which, at 37°C and daylight sheltered, may generate the type of radical called peroxil at a fairly constant rate. Red blood cells from healthy donors were submitted to the AAPH and to the green tea extract at different levels of concentration. The results indicated that in a concentration of 0.54 mg/mL works as an excellent antioxidant inhibiting 81.6 % of hemolysis in red blood cells with AAPH. The antioxidant activity lasted for 5 hours after exposing red blood cells to the free-radical generated by AAPH, and it must be said that green tea alone did not cause any lesion to red blood cells. It is the first time that our data shows that green tea may inhibit oxidant hemolysis in human erythrocyte. Clinical trials are necessary in order to find out the possible benefits of the use of green tea as a therapeutical adjuvant for hemolytic diseases involving the action of the free-radicals

Ação dos flavonóides na cicatrização por segunda intenção em feridas limpas induzidas cirurgicamente em ratos Wistar / Flavonoid action in second intention healing in surgically-induced

Os flavonóides representam um dos principais grupos de substâncias com atividades farmacológicas em plantas, e são utilizados para elevar a eficácia do processo de cicatrização em feridas e úlceras. A própolis e o chá verde (Camellia sinensis) são dois produtos ricos em flavonóides que apresentam indicações como antiinflamatórios, antibacterianos, antioxidantes e cicatrizantes. O presente estudo tempor objetivo avaliar a ação da própolis e do chá verde no processo de cicatrização em feridas limpas. As feridas foram produzidas em 20 ratos Wistar, e em cada rato, foram induzidas duas lesões simétricas de 11 mm de diâmetro, utilizando-se um Punch cirúrgico. As lesões se localizavam do lado esquerdo e direito da região torácica lateral. Posteriormente, os ratos foram divididos em 2 grupos. Grupo 1 - grupo tratado com soro fisiológico à 0,9 por cento (lateral esquerda) e com creme a base de chá verde (Camellia sinensis) à 20 por cento (lateral direita); Grupo 2 - grupo tratado com creme base (lateral esquerda) e tratados com creme a base de própolis à 20 por cento (lateral direita). Os diâmetros das lesões foram medidos a cada três dias. A cicatrização das lesões ocorreu em 15 dias, sendo que não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, apesar dos grupos tratados com creme de chá verde e de própolis apresentaram melhor evolução durante o tratamento.

Flavonoids represent one of the main groups of substances with pharmacological activities in plants.They are used to increase the effectiveness of the healing process in wounds and ulcers. Propolis andgreen tea (Camellia sinensis) are two products rich in flavonoids that present indications as: antiinflammatory,antibacterial, antioxidant and healing ones. The present study aims to evaluate the actionof propolis and green tea on the healing process in clean wounds. The wounds were produced in 20Wistar rats. In each rat two symmetrical lesions of 11 mm diameter were induced using a surgical punch.The lesions were located on the left and right sides of the lateral thoracic region. Later the rats weredivided in 2 groups. Group 1 – treated with 0.9 percent physiologic solution (left side), and with green teabasedcream (Camellia sinensis) at 20 percent (right side); Group 2 – treated with base cream (left side) andtreated with propolis-based cream at 20 percent (right side). The lesions diameters were measured every three.

Avaliaçäo nutricional dos alunos da 1§ série: comparaçäo entre o turno intermediário e vespertino da Escola Abílio Feijó, Londrina-PR / Nutritional evaluation of the: comparison between

Sendo a desnutriçäo um fato em nosso país, realizou-se uma pesquisa na Escola Estadual Abílio Feijó, situada na zona sul do município de Londrina-PR, com objetivo de analisar o grau de nutriçäo dos alunos da 1ª série do 1§ grau, verificando também as patologias mais frequentes nestas crianças e as possíveis intervençöes a serem realizadas pelos futuros profissionais desaúde envolvidos na pesquisa do agravo de saúde em estudo. Para avaliaçäo do grau de nutriçäo das crianças, foi utilizado a classificaçäo de Gomez e a de Batista Filho. Foi realizado um questionário para obtençäodos dados de peso e de altura. Para identificar atuaçäo que cada profissional pode realizar no problema emestudo foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais que atuam na área. Comprovamos que realmente ocorre um alto grau de desnutriçäo entre escolares, apresentando uma diferença visível entre os turnos vespertinos e intermediários